Endogenous morphine levels increase in molluscan neural and immune tissues after physical trauma

Sonetti, Dario; Mola, Lucrezia; Casares, Federico; Bianchi, Enrica; Guarna, Massimo; Stefano, George B.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01534-6

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The proopiomelanocortin gene has been isolated in Schistosoma mansoni (Duvaux-Miret et al, 1990) and opioid peptide precursors including prodynorphin, proenkephlin, and proopiomelanocortin have also been isolated in invertebrates (Salzet and Stefano, 1997b,a;Salzet et al, 1997, Stefano et al, 1998a. Morphine or morphine-like substances have been found in invertebrates including the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (Stefano et al, 1993), the freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus (Sonetti et al, 1999), and the leech Theromyzon tessulatum (Laurent et al, 2000). More recently morphine has been isolated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectroscopy in Dracunculus medinensis, S. mansoni, as well as A. suum (Zhu et al, , 2004.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of opiates and opiate antagonists on heat latency response in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of opiates and opiate antagonists on heat latency response in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum

et al. 2007

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“…Morphine precursors have been identified in mammalian and invertebrate tissues (Goldstein et al, 1985;Donnerer et al, 1986;Kodaira and Spector, 1988;Kodaira et al, 1989;, including parasites (Stefano et al, 1993(Stefano et al, , 2000bLeung et al, 1995;Sonetti et al, 1999;Goumon et al, , 2001Zhu et al, 2001aZhu et al, , 2002aZhu et al, , 2004b. The first report of an animal making morphine was in the parasite Ascaris suum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norlaudanosoline and Nicotine Increase Endogenous Ganglionic Morphine Levels: Nicotine Addiction

et al. 2006

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1. Given the presence of morphine, its metabolites and precursors, e.g., norlaudanosoline, in mammalian and invertebrate tissues, it became important to determine if exposing normal excised ganglia to norlaudanosoline would result in increasing endogenous morphine levels. 2. Mytilus edulis pedal ganglia contain 2.2 +/- 0.41 ng/g wet weight morphine as determined by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection and radioimmunoassay. 3. Incubation of M. edulis pedal ganglia with norlaudanosoline, a morphine precursor, resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent statistical increase in endogenous morphine levels (6.9 +/- 1.24 ng/g). 4. Injection of animals with nicotine also increased endogenous morphine levels in a manner that was antagonized by atropine, suggesting that nicotine addiction may be related to altering endogenous morphine levels in mammals. 5. We surmise that norlaudanosoline is being converted to morphine, demonstrating that invertebrate neural tissue can synthesize morphine.

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“…Stephano reported morphine-like substance in Mytilus eduslis by HPLC and radio immune assay and show that in stress condition the measure of morphine-like substance increase the same as human (Stefano et al, 1993) also µ receptors in this invertebrate was detected by RT-PCR (Cadet and Stefano 1999). The morphine existence in nervous and immune tissue of a snail (Planorbarius corneus) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection (Sonetti et al, 1999). Leung et al in 1995 for the first time reported the existence of morphine-like molecules in S. mansoni by HPLC and available antibody.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently it will effect on innate and adaptive immunity and also humoral and cellular immunity. The past researches were approved the existence of morphine in brain and adrenal of beef (Goldstein et al, 1985) and in brain of mammalian (Weitz et al, 1986), and also it has been demonstrated as an immune modulator molecule in some invertebrates such as Mytilus edulis (Stefano et al, 1993), Planorbarius snail (Sonetti et al, 1999) and some of the nematodes Ascaris suum, Drancunculus medinensis and Trichinella spiralis and also a trematode Schistosoma mansoni (Pearce and Sher 1987;Leung et al, 1995). But there is no available research on liver trematode, Dicrocoelium dendriticum .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for the presence of morphine like substance and μ opiate receptor expression in Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

Mostafaei

Naem

Imani³

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Parasites for living in host’s body, evade from host’s immune system using variant methods such as production of some molecules with immunosuppressive properties. Of these immunosuppression molecules are morphine and morphine like substances. It can effect on innate and adaptive immunity and also humoral and cellular immunity. The past researches were approved the existence of morphine in the brain and adrenal of beef and in brain of mammalian and also it has been demonstrated as an immune modulator molecule in some invertebrates, some of the nematodes and also a trematode Schistosoma mansoni, But there is no document for morphine evidence in trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Infection with this trematode has much importance either in health of ruminant and economic loos in the meat industry. In addition, this trematode is a zoonosis that there is no proper treatment for it in contrast with the other liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. We assume that living for a long time in the bile ducts of host is related to morphine like substance as an immune regulatory molecule. We use RP-HPLC method for detection morphine in D. dendriticum and also using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for μ opioid receptor finding. According to the results D. dendriticum has endogenous morphine like material and also the existence of opioid μ receptor in this trematode was approved. Living in host bile duct for a long time without sever immunopathologycal impact, suggested that probably this worm use of morphine like material as an immunoregulatory molecule and also for escaping from host immune system.

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Endogenous morphine levels increase in molluscan neural and immune tissues after physical trauma

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

The effect of opiates and opiate antagonists on heat latency response in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum

The effect of opiates and opiate antagonists on heat latency response in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum

Norlaudanosoline and Nicotine Increase Endogenous Ganglionic Morphine Levels: Nicotine Addiction

Evidence for the presence of morphine like substance and μ opiate receptor expression in Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae)

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