Endoscopic-Assisted Techniques at the Craniovertebral Junction: Understanding Indications and Limitations

Morphological Analysis of Occipital Condyles and Foramen Magnum as a Guide for Lateral Surgical Approaches

“…Therefore, it is important to know the area and understand the limitations and potential risks for each approach [17]. In the last four decades, numerous surgical approaches and endoscopic-assisted microsurgical techniques have been developed for CVJ pathologies [18]. These surgical approaches may be classified as anterior, posterior and lateral approaches, each with advantages and disadvantages.…”