“…These techniques include application of radiofrequency, injection or implantation of biopolymers, and endoluminal suturing [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Endoscopic treatment strategies currently target PPI-dependent GERD patients with small (\3 cm) or no hiatal hernias who do not have severe esophagitis or Barrett's esophagus. To date, EndoCinch (CR Bard, Murray Hill, NJ, USA), Enteryx (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA), Stretta system (Curon Medical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA), and the Plicator (Ethicon Endosurgery, Sommerville, NJ, USA) have been studied in sham-controlled trials [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Radiofrequency treatment (Stretta) has proved to be only modestly effective, whereas implantation techniques have been abandoned due to serious adverse events (Enteryx) and lack of long-term efficacy (Gatekeeper system [Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA]) [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”