Endoscopic Optical Coherence Angiography Enables 3-Dimensional Visualization of Subsurface Microvasculature

Tsai, Tsung-Han; Ahsen, Osman O.; Lee, Hsiang‐Chieh; Liang, Kaicheng; Figueiredo, Marisa; Tao, Yuankai K.; Giacomelli, Michael G.; Potsaid, Benjamin; Jayaraman, Vijaysekhar; Huang, Qin; Cable, Alex; Fujimoto, James G.; Mashimo, Hiroshi

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.034

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The majority of microvasculature is oriented transverse to the OCT beam and thus is difficult to visualize using the Doppler effect, which is sensitive to axial flow. Our group recently demonstrated the feasibility of using endoscopic OCTA to visualize subsurface vasculature in patients with dysplastic BE using small micromotor catheters [21]. However, the imaging coverage of endoscopic OCTA in this study was limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Our group recently demonstrated high contrast en face OCT images of normal human esophagus and patients with BE and dysplasia, although the imaging coverage was limited to ~2 cm 2 using small micromotor catheters [21]. Recently, we also showed en face OCT images over a longitudinal extent of the esophagus in living swine using a micromotor capsule [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a threshold mask was applied to the averaged cross-sectional OCTA images to remove regions with low OCT signal where the OCTA data is invalid [21,24,32]. In this study, an empirical threshold of ~mean (background noise) + 1.6 x standard deviation (background noise) was used.…”

Section: Endoscopic Oct Angiography and Data Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early studies suggested the feasibility of identifying 2D blood flow in the human GI tract and 3D blood flow in the living swine, but did not visualize microvasculature [5,33]. Utilizing the ultrahigh imaging speed provided by VCSEL light sources and precision distal rotary scanning micromotor catheters, our group demonstrated OCTA imaging of 3D microvasculature in the human GI tract [21]. However, the imaging field of the micromotor catheter was limited by its small circumference, which made it difficult to survey large regions of the esophagus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later studies with swept source OCT demonstrated volumetric endoscopic imaging using micromotor catheters small enough to pass through the accessory port of the endoscope [18,19]. Recently, our group demonstrated ultrahigh speed endoscopic OCT using a MEMS-tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) light source and a micromotor imaging catheter in the rabbit [20] and human GI tracts in vivo [21]. The VCSEL light source enables ultrahigh speeds with MHz A-scan rates [20,22] while the micromotor enables imaging at a high frame rate with minimal NURD [19,23], which can be further corrected using fiducial based, non-rigid registration algorithms [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circumferential optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of the swine esophagus using a micromotor balloon catheter

Lee

Ahsen

Liang

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate a micromotor balloon imaging catheter for ultrahigh speed endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) which provides wide area, circumferential structural and angiographic imaging of the esophagus without contrast agents. Using a 1310 nm MEMS tunable wavelength swept VCSEL light source, the system has a 1.2 MHz A-scan rate and ~8.5 µm axial resolution in tissue. The micromotor balloon catheter enables circumferential imaging of the esophagus at 240 frames per second (fps) with a ~30 µm (FWHM) spot size. Volumetric imaging is achieved by proximal pullback of the micromotor assembly within the balloon at 1.5 mm/sec. Volumetric data consisting of 4200 circumferential images of 5,000 A-scans each over a 2.6 cm length, covering a ~13 cm 2 area is acquired in <18 seconds. A non-rigid image registration algorithm is used to suppress motion artifacts from non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD), cardiac motion or respiration. En face OCT images at various depths can be generated. OCT angiography (OCTA) is computed using intensity decorrelation between sequential pairs of circumferential scans and enables three-dimensional visualization of vasculature. Wide area volumetric OCT and OCTA imaging of the swine esophagus in vivo is demonstrated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endoscopic Oct Angiography and Data Visualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Circumferential optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of the swine esophagus using a micromotor balloon catheter

Lee

Ahsen

Liang

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Advances in optical gastrointestinal endoscopy: a technical review

2020

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Optical endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Most GI neoplasms arise from precancerous lesions; thus, technical innovations to improve detection and diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers play a pivotal role in improving outcomes. Over the last few decades, the field of GI endoscopy has witnessed enormous and focused efforts to develop and translate accurate, user‐friendly, and minimally invasive optical imaging modalities. From a technical point of view, a wide range of novel optical techniques is now available to probe different aspects of light–tissue interaction at macroscopic and microscopic scales, complementing white light endoscopy. Most of these new modalities have been successfully validated and translated to routine clinical practice. Herein, we provide a technical review of the current status of existing and promising new optical endoscopic imaging technologies for GI cancer screening and surveillance. We summarize the underlying principles of light–tissue interaction, the imaging performance at different scales, and highlight what is known about clinical applicability and effectiveness. Furthermore, we discuss recent discovery and translation of novel molecular probes that have shown promise to augment endoscopists' ability to diagnose GI lesions with high specificity. We also review and discuss the role and potential clinical integration of artificial intelligence‐based algorithms to provide decision support in real time. Finally, we provide perspectives on future technology development and its potential to transform endoscopic GI cancer detection and diagnosis.

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Endomicroscopic optical coherence tomography for cellular resolution imaging of gastrointestinal tracts

Luo

Cui

et al. 2017

Journal of Biophotonics

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Our ability to detect neoplastic changes in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts is limited by the lack of an endomicroscopic imaging tool that provides cellular-level structural details of GI mucosa over a large tissue area. In this article, we report a fiber-optic-based micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) system and demonstrate its capability to acquire cellular-level details of GI tissue through circumferential scanning. The system achieves an axial resolution of 2.48 μm in air and a transverse resolution of 4.8 μm with a depth-of-focus (DOF) of ~150 μm. To mitigate the issue of limited DOF, we used a rigid sheath to maintain a circular lumen and center the distal-end optics. The sensitivity is tested to be 98.8 dB with an illumination power of 15.6 mW on the sample. With fresh swine colon tissues imaged ex vivo, detailed structures such as crypt lumens and goblet cells can be clearly resolved, demonstrating that this fiber-optic μOCT system is capable of visualizing cellular-level morphological features. We also demonstrate that time-lapsed frame averaging and imaging speckle reduction are essential for clearly visualizing cellular-level details. Further development of a clinically viable μOCT endomicroscope is likely to improve the diagnostic outcome of GI cancers.

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Endoscopic Optical Coherence Angiography Enables 3-Dimensional Visualization of Subsurface Microvasculature

Cited by 53 publications

References 7 publications

Circumferential optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of the swine esophagus using a micromotor balloon catheter

Circumferential optical coherence tomography angiography imaging of the swine esophagus using a micromotor balloon catheter

Advances in optical gastrointestinal endoscopy: a technical review

Endomicroscopic optical coherence tomography for cellular resolution imaging of gastrointestinal tracts

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