Endoscopic Submucosal Resection with Double Ligation Technique for Treatment of Small Rectal Carcinoid Tumors

Abstract

Endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation is a useful and safe method for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal carcinoid tumors

“…In the current study, the three tumors ranging from 10 to 19 mm in size were completely resected by ESD. Besides tumor size, the risks of metastasis are related to the finding of a central depression, an infiltration into the muscularis propria, a vascular or lymphatic invasion, or a high proportion of mitotic cells at histologic examination [17,18]. Because the atypical clinicopathologic features of carcinoids were not observed with any of the tumors in this study, the three aforementioned cases have been under careful follow-up assessment.…”

“…Indeed, the EMR-based treatment results reached 82.9-100% [14][15][16][17][18], but these rates were based on a limited number of cases.…”

“…Because ESD allows precise histologic assessment of the resected specimen, this procedure is likely to be a treatment of choice for selected rectal carcinoids. These selected cases involve smoothly marginated tumors measuring 10 to 19 mm that still are confined to the submucosal layer and have no histologic atypia suggesting metastatic risks [17,18].…”

Advantages of endoscopic submucosal dissection with needle-knife over endoscopic mucosal resection for small rectal carcinoid tumors: a retrospective study

“…The same group recently reported a retrospective study of 61 patients with satisfactory results achieved [24]. Moon et al [25] reported that endoscopic submucosal resection with double ligation (ESMR-DL) for the treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumors showed no histopathological evidence of tumor involvement at the resection margins, no immediate or late complications, and no local recurrence in any patient. The difference among ESD, ESMR-L, and ESMR-DL with respect to the benefit of endoscopic treatment of rectal carcinoids therefore needs to be further evaluated, especially regarding the vertical resection margin, complication, and local recurrence.…”

Efficacy of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection after Circumferential Mucosal Incision of Small Rectal Carcinoid Tumors

“…For submucosal lesions such as rectal carcinoid tumors, endoscopic treatment with a special technique for deeper resection to achieve clear margins has been reported: endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR-L) or EMR with a ligation device (EMR-L), for which ligation devices were used before resection, enables deeper vertical resection margins to be achieved [31][32][33][34]. EMR with a cap (EMR-C) uses a transparent cap and suction to excise the submucosal layer to ensure a safe vertical margin [35][36][37].…”