Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome

Unterer, Stefan; Busch, K; Leipig, M.; Hermanns, W.; Wolf, Georg; Straubinger, Reinhard K.; Mueller, Ralf S.; Hartmann, Katrin

doi:10.1111/jvim.12236

Cited by 61 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…If emesis occurs, this is not due to gastritis since a recent study showed that mucosal lesions associated with AHDS are restricted to the intestines (Unterer and others 2014). As haemorrhagic diarrhoea might not be apparent until as much as 52 hours after onset of vomiting, it is important to keep in mind that AHDS is a possible differential diagnosis for haematemesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, acute haemorrhagic enteritis caused by certain enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli has a very similar clinical presentation (Triolo and Lappin 2003). In dogs, different aetiologies have been discussed, including intestinal type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to food components or bacterial endotoxin, and enterotoxigenic clostridial strains (Cave and others 2002, Triolo and Lappin 2003, Hall and German 2010, Unterer and others 2011, 2014). A rapid clinical improvement is typically seen with symptomatic therapy—aggressive fluid therapy being the mainstay of treatment (Triolo and Lappin 2003, Unterer and Hartmann 2009, Unterer and others 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Four studies about AHDS have been published by the same study group in recent years, and the current study population overlaps with each of those study populations (Unterer and others 2014, 2015, 2011, Busch and others 2015). The previous studies all focus on the potential role of bacteria and antibiotics in the aetiology and treatment of this disease.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs: 108 cases

Mortier¹,

Strohmeyer²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record

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No prospective studies including large numbers of dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) are published so far. The aim of this case-control study was to describe signalment, history, clinical signs, laboratory values and course of disease in dogs with AHDS. Dogs (108) with idiopathic acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea (<3 days) were prospectively enrolled. Clinical assessment was performed by calculation of the 'AHDS index' (0-18). The hospital population and 21 healthy dogs served as control groups. Dogs with AHDS had a significantly lower body weight (median 9.8 kg) and age (median five years) than other dogs of the hospital population (20 kg; 10 years) (P<0.001). Predisposed breeds were Yorkshire terrier, miniature pinscher, miniature schnauzer and Maltese. The syndrome was more likely to occur during winter. Vomiting preceded the onset of bloody diarrhoea in 80 per cent of dogs and haematemesis was observed in half of those cases. Median AHDS index at presentation was 12 (range 3-17). Haematocrit was generally high (median 57.1 per cent; range 33-76 per cent), but exceeded 60 per cent only in 31.4 per cent of dogs. Haematocrit of 48.1 per cent of dogs was above reference range, as was monocyte (50.0 per cent), segmented (59.6 per cent) and band neutrophil count (45.2 per cent). A rapid clinical improvement occurred during the first 48 hours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs: 108 cases

Mortier¹,

Strohmeyer²,

Hartmann³

et al. 2015

Veterinary Record

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“…This syndrome had previously been named canine ‘haemorrhagic gastroenteritis’ (Burrows 1977) and is characterised by acute onset of haemorrhagic diarrhoea, commonly accompanied by a marked haemoconcentration (Burrows 1977, Mortier and others 2015). Although the exact aetiology has not yet been fully revealed, there is evidence that Clostridium perfringens is involved in the pathogenesis of AHDS (Unterer and others 2014). Quantitative PCR showed a significant increase of C perfringens in the faeces of dogs with AHDS compared with healthy dogs.…”

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Role of canine circovirus in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea

et al. 2017

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Canine circovirus (CanineCV) has been detected in some dogs with severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea, but its pathogenic role is unclear. This study evaluated a suspected association between the presence of CanineCV and acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) in dogs. The prevalence of CanineCV in dogs with AHDS was compared with that in healthy dogs and those infected with canine parvovirus (CPV). Additionally, time to recovery and mortality rate were compared between CanineCV-positive and CanineCV-negative dogs. Faecal samples of dogs with AHDS (n=55), healthy dogs (n=66) and dogs infected with CPV (n=54) were examined by two real-time TaqMan PCR assays targeting the replicase and capsid genes of CanineCV. CanineCV was detected in faecal samples of two dogs with AHDS, three healthy controls and seven dogs infected with CPV. Among the three groups, there was no significant difference in prevalence of CanineCV. CPV-infected animals that were coinfected with CanineCV had a significantly higher mortality rate compared with those negative for CanineCV. CanineCV does not appear to be the primary causative agent of AHDS in dogs, but might play a role as a negative co-factor in disease outcome in dogs with CPV infection.

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“…Na clínica de animais de companhia é alta a frequência de cães com síndrome da diarreia hemorrágica aguda, e geralmente essa cursa com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade, por evoluir para quadros de sepse (Unterer et al, 2014).…”

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Administração seriada de salina hipertônica 7,5% na terapia para sepse grave decorrente da síndrome da diarreia hemorrágica aguda em cães

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT.-Barbosa B.C., Freitas P.M.C., Alves F.S., Salvato L.A., Luz M.R., Paes P.R.O., Beier S.L. & Faleiros R.R. 2017. [Serial administration of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution in the therapy of severe sepsis due to acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome in dogs.] Administração seriada de salina hipertônica 7,5% na terapia para sepse grave decorrente da síndrome da diarreia hemorrágica aguda em cães. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37 (9) The association between acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and sepsis is frequent in dogs and causes high mortality. In this context we investigated in a randomized single--center controlled trial the late effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution in serial applications on hemodynamic, clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with severe sepsis due to the syndrome. Twelve dogs were randomly distributed into two groups of equal numbers, control (CON) and 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (SSH). Clinical and laboratory variables were evaluated immediately after admission of patients (T0), 24 (T24), 48 (T48) and 72 (T72) hours after the admission. The SSH group received Ringer with lactate, antibiotic therapy, analgesic and 5mL/kg -1 bolus of 7.5% SSH over 4 minutes on T24 and T48. The CON group received the same therapy, but instead of 7.5% SSH, Ringer with lactate bolus was given at the same dosis and times. All evaluations were performed prior to the administration of the bolus in both groups. Data collection included complete blood count and clinical variables (AVDN scale, degree of dehydration, respiratory rate and rectal temperature), heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Parametric data were evaluated by the Student Newman Keuls and Student t tests, and the nonparametric ones by the Friedman and Mann Whitney test, with a significance level of 0.05. There were no significant differences between the groups and moments in clinical variables. Nevertheless, the SSH group presented a significant elevation of SBP and HR reduction at T72. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration decreased in both groups over time. Total leukocyte and monocyte counts showed a significant elevation in the SSH group, however the leukocytes were within the normal range at T72. There were no significant differences in the segmental neutrophils, but a 9.5-fold increase in T72 compared to T24 (P=0.09) in the SSH group was observed, whereas this increase was only 2.5-fold in the CON group (P=0.30). A decrease in platelet counts and globulin concentration was observed in the CON group, while these variables remained stable in the SSH group. In conclusion, serial administration of 7.5% SSH is promising in the therapy of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome, since it assists in the stabilization of leukocytes, platelets and globulins in dogs with severe sepsis due to this syndrome.INDEX TERMS: Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome, dogs, hypertonic saline, severe sepsis, terapy.

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Endoscopically Visualized Lesions, Histologic Findings, and Bacterial Invasion in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome

Cited by 61 publications

References 38 publications

Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs: 108 cases

Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs: 108 cases

Role of canine circovirus in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea

Administração seriada de salina hipertônica 7,5% na terapia para sepse grave decorrente da síndrome da diarreia hemorrágica aguda em cães

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