Endothelial Dysfunction and Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and predicts cardiovascular (CV) outcomes independent of conventional CV risk factors. In recent years, there have been tremendous improvements in the pharmacological prevention and management of CAD. In this review, the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction in relation to CAD is discussed and various techniques of invasive and noninvasive assessments of peripheral and coronary endothelial function described. In addition, evidence for the association of endothelial dysfunction and CV outcomes has been examined and finally the role of therapeutic interventions in endothelial dysfunction has been discussed.

Apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not direct calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins defines pathogenic effects of calcium phosphate bions

“…We found that CPB elicit endothelial toxicity which, in turn, defines their pathogenic effects since it is a crucial point in the development of atherosclerosis 59 60 . CPB promoted caspase-dependent apoptosis in endothelial cells, stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8, which are established pro-atherosclerotic cytokines 61 62 , and induced intimal hyperplasia in vivo .…”

Effect of Acarbose on Long-Term Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndromes Patients with Newly Diagnosed Impaired Glucose Tolerance

“…In the above mechanisms, the improvement of vascular endothelial function is reasonably important. Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and predicts CV outcomes independent of conventional CV risk factors [ 18 ]. Although the mechanism by which postprandial hyperglycemia induces endothelial dysfunction is not fully understood, oxidative stress-mediated disruptions in nitric oxide homeostasis are implicated as key role [ 19 ].…”

Cardiovascular Complications of Energy Drinks

“…Normal endothelial function is promoted by exercise and a healthy diet, in addition to avoiding exposures known to be detrimental to endothelial function [87,88]. Abnormal endothelial cell function termed "endothelial dysfunction" is associated with vasoconstriction, poor vascular reactivity, pro-thrombosis, pro-adhesion, pro-inflammation, and growth promotion [89]. In addition, chronic endothelial dysfunction is associated with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease [89].…”