Endothelial Function Impairment in Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Effect of Some Cardiovascular Protectant Agents

Abstract

In segments of human varicose veins, endothelial function was assessed by measuring relaxation induced by acetylcholine in noradrenaline-precontracted preparations. In addition, concentration-response curves to acetylcholine were obtained before and after incubation with the arterial endothelium protectant agents captopril, losartan, troglitazone, pravastatin, or simvastatin. The antivaricose agent escin was also tested. Mean acetylcholine-induced relaxation of varicose venous rings was about 13%, approximately one third of that reported for control saphenous veins. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine were ''u'' shaped, the result of endothelium-mediated relaxation at low concentrations, superseded by subsequent smooth muscle contractile responses. Relaxation was enhanced by the endothelium-protecting agents and by escin, troglitazone being the least, and simvastatin the most effective. It was concluded that endothelial dysfunction is present in varicose veins, that this anomaly can be reverted by cardiovascular protecting agents, and that it can play a role in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency.

Rac1 Pharmacological Inhibition Rescues Human Endothelial Dysfunction

“…In this regard Migliacci et al demonstrated that subjects with a history of spontaneous thromboembolism display endothelial dysfunction . Our study and previous work demonstrated that saphenous vein insufficiency is associated with a marked endothelial dysfunction . Finally, endothelial dysfunction accelerates the failure of saphenous vein grafts that are implanted in coronary and peripheral bypass surgery .…”

“…Endothelial dysfunction leads to the development of arterial vessel inflammation, remodeling, and atherosclerosis and, by this means, is significantly associated with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke . However, endothelial dysfunction also appears to contribute significantly to the development of vein‐related diseases . Venous endothelial function is significantly affected by cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and a smoking habit, which are known to impair arterial function and to promote cardiovascular diseases .…”

“…Venous endothelial function is significantly affected by cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and a smoking habit, which are known to impair arterial function and to promote cardiovascular diseases . Endothelial dysfunction appears to be involved in the development of deep vein thrombosis and vein insufficiency . In addition, an impairment of endothelial function could be implicated in the development of venous graft remodeling, atherosclerosis, and failure in subjects undergoing myocardial surgical revascularization through bypass implantation .…”

“…1,2 However, endothelial dysfunction also appears to contribute significantly to the development of vein-related diseases. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Venous endothelial function is significantly affected by cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and a smoking habit, which are known to impair arterial function and to promote cardiovascular diseases. 4,[9][10][11] Endothelial dysfunction appears to be involved in the development of deep vein thrombosis 3 and vein insufficiency.…”

Can calcium dobesilate be used safely for peripheral microvasculopathies that require neoangiogenesis?

“…The venous endothelium acts in part as a main barrier between blood and vascular tissue. Additionally, it partially prevents the physical injury of the vessel wall by external destructive factors via providing sufficient intravascular volume and maintaining required oxygen delivery [12]. Moreover, endothelial cells are clearly important for angiogenesis, because functional endothelial cell migration is essential for new vessel formation [13].…”