Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variant modulates the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure in the general population: New evidence for a direct effect of lipids in arterial blood pressure

Pereira, Alexandre C.; Sposito, Andrei C.; Mota, Glória F.; Cunha, Roberto S.; Herkenhoff, Fernando Luiz; Mill, José Geraldo; Krieger, José Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.035

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…17,30 In a study of 1577 individuals randomly selected from the general population, Pereira et al recently reported significant interactions between the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) Glu298Asp gene variant and TC (P ¼ 0.02), log-transformed TGs (P ¼ 0.004) or non-HDL-C (P ¼ 0.003) in the determination of systolic BP. 31 The authors suggest that these results provide evidence supporting the role of the eNOS Glu298Asp gene variant in modulating BP through a relationship with lipid levels. 31 Statins and blood pressure: data from experimental studies The importance of lowering plasma cholesterol to reduce the incidence of vascular events is well established.…”

Section: Do Lipid Abnormalities Predict the Risk For Hypertension?mentioning

confidence: 78%

Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents?

et al. 2006

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The assessment of global cardiovascular risk is an essential step in the management of atherosclerotic disease prevention. Among the risk factors to be addressed are hypertension and hyperlipidaemia; these commonly coexist. A neutral or lipid-friendly antihypertensive agent is probably useful in the presence of lipid abnormalities. Similarly, statins have been shown to decrease cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. There is also experimental and clinical evidence that statins have blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of statins on BP, and provide an overview of the underlying pathophysiology. We also consider the evidence justifying the use of statins in the management of hypertensive patients.

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Section: Do Lipid Abnormalities Predict the Risk For Hypertension?mentioning

confidence: 78%

Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents?

et al. 2006

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“…Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated according Friedewald et al (1972) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was calculated as triglycerides/ 5 in those with triglycerides <400 mg/dL according to the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults, or NCEP-ATP III. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or the use of antidiabetic drugs (Pereira et al 2006). Dyslipidemia was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria if at the least one or more of the following lipid alterations were present: total cholesterol≥200 mg/dL, triglycerides≥150 mg/dL, LDL-C≥160 mg/dL, and HDL-C<40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women.…”

Section: Study Protocol and Laboratory Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and gender-specific reference values of pulse wave velocity for African adults: preliminary results

Magalhães

Capingana

Silva

et al. 2013

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Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk. Higher PWV values have been observed in Africans; however, there are no established age-and gender-adjusted reference values for this population. Therefore, PWV was measured using a validated device (Complior SP) in 544 subjects recruited from an occupational cohort of employees of a public university in Angola. Since high blood pressure (BP) is an important factor influencing PWV, a subsample of 301 normotensive subjects (aged 22-72 years) was selected for this study. A subset of 131 individuals without CV risk factors was considered the healthy group (HG), while the entire group (n = 301) comprised the less healthy group (LHG). Predictors of PWV were evaluated using multiple regression analyses and age-and gender-specific percentile tables and curves were constructed. Age and PWV means were 36±9.7 years and 6.6±1.0 m/s in the HG, respectively, and 39.9±10.2 years and 7.3± 1.3 m/s in the LHG. Age and plasma uric acid (UA) were the only significant PWV predictors in the HG, while age, mean BP (MBP), and gender showed significant prediction of PWV in the multiple regression analysis in the LHG. Age-and gender-adjusted reference values of PWV were provided for healthy and less healthy normotensive Africans. Considering the small sample size of our cohort, these preliminary results should be used cautiously until data on robust sample of the general population can be obtained.

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“…Two arti- 48 1 involved Arabs, 40 and 1 was mixed. 37 One study involved male cases, 4 1 study involved female cases, 46 and 2 studies 24,33 provided data for males and females separately. A list of details abstracted from the studies included in the meta-analysis is provided in Tables 1 through 5.…”

Section: Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and disagreements were resolved after a discussion between the 3 authors. Twentyone studies dealt with G894T, 1,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] 16 with 4a/ b, 1,25,27,28,35,36,41-49 7 with T786C, 1,4,29,32,50,51 and 4 with G23T. 24,25,52,53 Seven studies in 4a/b, 1,25,27,28,35,36 4 studies in T786C, 1,29,32 and 2 studies in G23T 24,25 also investigated G894T.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The design in 24 studies was case-control,* in 7 studies was population-based cohort, 4,29,31,36,43,45 and in 4 studies was cross-sectional. 23,37,34,47 The studies were published between 1995 and 2006. For the determination of the genetic polymorphisms of G894T, T786C, and G23T, validated genotyping methods were used in all of the studies; namely, PCR and restriction of the PCR product with the enzyme corresponding to each polymorphism † or PCR with allele-specific probes.…”

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Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Hypertension

2006

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Abstract-Studies investigated the association between endothelial NO synthase gene polymorphisms and hypertensionreported contradicted or nonconclusive results. A meta-analysis of 35 genetic association studies that examined the relation between hypertension and the G894T, 4a/b, T786C, and G23T polymorphisms of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was carried out. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity and potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were explored. The meta-analysis included genotype data on 7779/10 498, 2216/3222, 2491/3913, and 833/587 cases/controls for G894T, 4b/a, T786C, and G23T, respectively. For the 4b/a polymorphism, overall, the heterogeneity between studies was not significant (Pϭ0.82), and the allele b was associated with a 15% decreased risk of hypertension relative to allele a (odds ratio: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.98). Overall and in whites, the recessive model for allele b produced significant results (odds ratios: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.68 to 0.90 and OR: 0.76 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.92, respectively), whereas the dominant model produced nonsignificant results. In studies involved East Asians and blacks, an association was not demonstrated.Regarding the G894T, T768C, and G23T polymorphisms, in no case (ie, overall, in whites, or in East Asians) was a statistically significant association and heterogeneity found. There was no substantial source of bias in the selected studies. In conclusion, there is evidence of association only between 4b/a polymorphism and hypertension; however, studies exploring combinations of the polymorphisms may help us better understand the genetics of hypertension. Key Words: nitric oxide Ⅲ polymorphism Ⅲ meta-analysis H ypertension is a multifactorial disease involving both environmental and genetic components. 1 Clinical and animal studies have suggested that an alteration in NO metabolism may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. [2][3][4] Thus, abnormalities in the activity of the enzyme endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) that synthesize NO in endothelial cells may lead to NO deficiency. The gene encoding eNOS is located on chromosome 7 (7q35-q36) and contains 26 exons with an entire length of 21kb. G894T (Glu298Asp in exon 7), intron 4 (4b/a), (T-786)C (T786C), and G23T are the most clinically relevant polymorphisms in the eNOS gene that have been described. 5 The genetic association studies that examined whether the polymorphisms in the eNOS gene are associated with hypertension have provided controversial or inconclusive results, partly because each study involved few cases and few controls and, therefore, there was not enough information to demonstrate association. Furthermore, the interpretation is complicated by the fact that different populations, sampling strategies, genotyping procedures, and number of loci included in the analyses have been used. To shed some light on these contradictory results, as well as to decrease the uncertainty of the effect size of estimated risk, a meta-analysis 6 of all of the available studies related the G894T...

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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variant modulates the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure in the general population: New evidence for a direct effect of lipids in arterial blood pressure

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents?

Statins: another class of antihypertensive agents?

Age- and gender-specific reference values of pulse wave velocity for African adults: preliminary results

Endothelial NO Synthase Gene Polymorphisms and Hypertension

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