Endothelial Secretome

Abstract

Endothelial cells produce huge proteomes from a relatively small total number of ECs. The ECs’ complex intercellular communication is possible through well-stored, classified, and compartmentalized secretory pathways, intermediated by the secretory vesicles and granules, with the purpose to maintain vascular homeostasis and integrity. Secreted proteins are involved in a myriad of cell communication processes. The local vascular microenvironment dynamically and constantly modifies the ECs’ secretome. We focus on the biological significance of secretome proteins in a healthy vascular microenvironment and under cardiovascular conditions. Vascular ECs crosstalk with other ECs, and other blood cells at a distance, with the circulating hematopoietic stem cells permitting adequate reactions to vascular injury, systemic or local inflammation, and viral or parasitic infections. Here, we overview current secretome biomarkers in vascular diseases, with a focus on their roles in diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutics. Also, we highlighted some important pathological effects of exosome on cardiovascular disease. This chapter discusses current research directions characterizing vascular pathology conditioned secretomes, their regulation, and therapeutic pursuit. The overall aim of this chapter is to review current literature updates on endothelial secretome roles in endothelial homeostasis and in vascular disorders.

Vascular homeostasis in atherosclerosis: A holistic overview

“…ECs in their native state also maintain anti-thrombotic and hemostatic functions, which prevent platelet activation and adhesion to activated endothelium. In addition, ECs have active secretory pathways, vesicles and granules to produce huge proteomes to maintain vascular homeostasis and integrity ( 16 ). Secreted proteins from ECs play an important role in regulating vascular ECs crosstalk with other vascular cell types.…”

“…Recently, quantitative proteomic analysis of the endothelial secretome ( 17 ) has greatly accelerated the discovery of novel secreted proteins from ECs which regulate vascular homeostasis and atherosclerosis. In addition, EC secretome also provides promising biomarkers which have diagnostic and prognostic value for various vascular disorders ( 16 ).…”