Energy and Performance Evaluation of Reactive, Proactive, and Hybrid Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Network

Fendji, Jean Louis Ebongue Kedieng; Samo, Sidoine Djuissi

doi:10.5121/ijwmn.2019.11102

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The evaluation of reactive routing protocols [17], [66], [76], [77] showed that reactive routing introduces lower overhead as loop free since routes are only constructed when required, which is a privilege of this type of the protocol compared to proactive routing. The disadvantages of reactive routing are that, due to the initial route discovery process, there is a critical delay between the time a source node requests a route for data transmission and the time when the actual transmission takes place.…”

Section: Discussion and Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Khudayer¹,

Al-Zabin²,

Anbar³

et al. 2023

IJACSA

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Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes that can connect with each other over a number of hops without the need for centralized management or pre-existing infrastructure. MANET has been used in several commercial areas such as intelligent shipping systems, ad hoc gaming, and clever agriculture, and non-commercial areas such as army applications, disaster rescue, and wildlife observing domains. One of the main challenges in MANET is routing mobility management which affects the performance of MANET seriously. The routing protocols have been functionally classified into proactive routing protocols, reactive routing protocols, and hybrid routing protocols. The objective of this paper is to create observations about the advantages and disadvantages of these protocols. Thus, the aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the three groups of MANET routing protocols by comparing their features and methods in terms of routing overhead, scalability, delay, and other factors. It was shown that the proactive protocols guarantee the availability of the routes. However, it suffers from scalability and overhead. Whereas, reactive protocols initiate route discovery only when data needs to be sent. However, reactive protocols introduce an undesirable delay due to route establishment, which affects the network performance. Hybrid protocols, attempt to utilize the beneficial features of both reactive and proactive protocols, hybrid protocols are suitable for large networks and keep up-to-date information, but they increase operational complexity. It was concluded that MANET needs enhancement with regard to routing in order to meet the required performance.

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Section: Discussion and Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though TORA performs well in dense networks, it does not scale by any means. Several evaluation studies showed that DSR and AODV outperform TORA [66], [67]. It was enhanced to provide better packet delivery, and acceptable routing overhead and packet latency [66].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Khudayer¹,

Al-Zabin²,

Anbar³

et al. 2023

IJACSA

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“…Reactive, proactive, and hybrid routing protocols n wireless network have been analysed based on energy consumption during communication [4]. Performance evaluation work is carried out by considering the parameters such as throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and Mobility Models based Performance Evaluation in MANET

Sarao

2023

IJRITCC

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Mobile ad hoc networks are constituted with randomly moving nodes and movement of these nodes is depended upon moving model used in the network. Performance of the network directly depends on the movements and energy consumed in a specific time period by the nodes. Also performance of the protocol used for communication depends on the type of mobility model used by that specific protocol. In this paper, performance of AODV (Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector) routing protocol have been evaluated in respect of five mobility models Random Way Point Mobility Model, Manhattan Grid Mobility Model, Gauss Markov Mobility Model, Random Direction Mobility Model, RPGM (Reference Point Group Mobility)). Performance metrics are considered as: average energy consumption and average residual energy. By varying the network connections, speed of the nodes, and node densities, in different scenarios, routing protocol has been simulated in network simulator 2. Simulation results show that reference point group mobility model is best suitable model as compared to other mobility models for AODV protocol in terms of energy consumption.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Analyzing the impacts of node density and speed on routing protocol performance in firefighting applications

Ullah,

Hussain,

Khan

et al. 2023

fire ecol

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Background Mobile ad hoc networks have piqued researchers’ interest in various applications, including forest fire detection. Because of the massive losses caused by this disaster, forest fires necessitate regular monitoring, good communication, and technology. As a result, disaster response and rescue applications are mobile ad hoc network’s primary applications. However, quality of service becomes a significant and difficult issue, and the capabilities of the basic routing protocol limit mobile ad hoc network’s ability to deliver reasonable quality of service. Results The proposed research is for disaster-related scenarios, with nodes representing firefighters and vehicles (ambulances). Mobile nodes moving at 10 m/s are thought to be firefighters, while nodes moving at 20 m/s are thought to be vehicles (ambulances) delivering emergency healthcare. The NS-2 simulator is used in this research for the performance assessment of the two routing protocols, such as Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Temporally Order Routing Algorithm (TORA), in terms of average latency, average throughput, and average packet drop. The simulation was run with varying node velocities and network densities to examine the impact of scalability on the two mobile ad hoc network routing protocols. Conclusions This work presents two main protocols: TORA (for reactive networks) and OLSR (for proactive networks). The proposed methods had no impact on the end-to-end bandwidth delay or the packet delivery delay. The performance is evaluated in terms of varying network density and node speed (firefighter speed), i.e., varying network density and mobility speed. The simulation revealed that in a highly mobile network with varying network densities, OLSR outperforms TORA in terms of overall performance. TORA’s speed may have been enhanced by adding more nodes to the 20 nodes that used a significant amount of transmission control protocol traffic.

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Energy and Performance Evaluation of Reactive, Proactive, and Hybrid Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Network

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Energy and Mobility Models based Performance Evaluation in MANET

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Analyzing the impacts of node density and speed on routing protocol performance in firefighting applications

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