Energy-Aware Navigation in Large-Scale Evacuation Using G-Networks

Abstract

Previous studies on emergency management of large-scale urban networks have commonly concentrated on system development to off-load intensive computations to remote cloud servers or improving communication quality during a disaster and ignored the effect of energy consumption of vehicles, which can play a vital role in large-scale evacuation owing to the disruptions in energy supply. Hence, in this paper we propose a cloud-enabled navigation system to direct vehicles to safe areas in the aftermath of a disaster in an energy and time efficient fashion. A G-network model is employed to mimic the behaviors and interactions between individual vehicles and the navigation system, and analyze the effect of re-routing decisions toward the vehicles. A gradient descent optimization algorithm is used to gradually reduce the evacuation time and fuel consumption of vehicles by optimizing the probabilistic choices of linked road segments at each intersection. The re-routing decisions arrive at the intersections periodically and will expire after a short period. When a vehicle reaches an intersection, if the latest re-routing decision has not expired, the vehicle will follow this advice, otherwise, the vehicle will stick to the shortest path to its destination. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the evacuation time and the overall fuel utilization especially when the number of evacuated vehicles is large.

Adapting to the Elizabethan Settlement: Religious Faith and the Drive Towards Conformity in Craven, 1559 to 1579

“…in 1564 towards the repair of Coniston Bridge, for 'the health of my soull', a hangover from the pre-Reformation belief in the power of papal and archiepiscopal indulgences to alleviate the suffering of the soul in purgatory. 210 Priest Sir William Sylson of Rilston, who was also made a supervisor, witnessed this latter will. 4d.…”

“…192 By 1562, pluralist Anthony Topham was instituted as vicar of Arncliffe and later Marton. 195 In 1567, Robert Hareson of Rilston requested that divine services were enacted for the health of his soul at the discretion of his friends, his will witnessed by Marian priest Sir William Sylson of Rilston. Initially, he seems to have made little impact on the writing of wills.…”

G-Networks and the Performance of ICT with Renewable Energy

“…Large numbers of heterogeneous digital devices and communication nodes are being incorporated into the Internet [6,14,65,99,111] to manage cities and various service activities [3,9,10,13,36,62,116], which also leads to more energy consumption by ICT. Such systems must operate autonomously over a long period, and can benefit from collecting energy physically from natural phenomena such as wind, liquid flows, photovoltaic energy, and other renewable energy sources.…”

Performance Optimization With Energy Packets

“…L ARGE numbers of heterogeneous digital devices and computer servers are being incorporated using the Internet of Things [1]- [5] to manage cities and various service activities [6], including environmental monitoring, health, security, vehicles, emergency evacuation, and smart grids [7]- [9]. Such systems must operate autonomously over long time spans and can benefit from energy harvesting from renewable energy sources, such as wind, liquid flows, photovoltaic, and ambient electromagnetic fields.…”