Energy Awareness and Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks: From Physical Devices to the Communication Link

Energy Consumption Reduction in Wireless Sensor Network-Based Water Pipeline Monitoring Systems via Energy Conservation Techniques

“…Duty cycling techniques reduce the sensor node's energy consumption by turning off the sensor node's hardware components when they are not needed and waking them up whenever necessary [21]. This establishes a small duty cycle for the nodes based on events occurring in the monitored environment [22]. Thus, techniques based on duty cycling rely on the fact that active nodes do not need to keep their radios, processor, and sensing devices continuously on.…”

“…The energy-efficient data acquisition data-driven schemes include adaptive sensing techniques such as hierarchical sensing, adaptive sampling, and model-based active sensing [22]. By reducing the number of samples generated by the sensors, an efficient sensing strategy also reduces the amount of data to be processed and possibly transmitted by sensor nodes, and thus generate further energy savings [22]. In hierarchical sensing, a sensor node has multiple sensing devices monitoring the same physical parameter, but with each having a different sensing accuracy and power consumption.…”

“…Accuracy can be traded off for energy efficiency by using the low-power sensors to get a rough estimate of the monitored parameter [12]. Once an event has been detected, the accurate power-hungry sensors can be activated to give more accurate readings of the physical property at the cost of greater energy consumption [22].…”