Energy consumption and cost analysis of local parboiling processes

Roy, Poritosh; Shimizu, Naoto; Shiina, Takeo; Kojima, Toshinori

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.034

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Industrial processes are energy and capital intensive and are not suitable for small to medium scale operations at the village level (Roy et al. ). Under artisanal parboiling conditions, the soaking temperature for the variety, fire intensity, quantity of paddy, steam conservation, and distribution in the system are important to achieving high‐quality parboiled rice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa

Ndindeng

Manful

Futakuchi

et al. 2015

Food Science & Nutrition

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In order to increase the quality of locally produced rice, the artisanal parboiling process in West and Central Africa was reconceptualized. A novel parboiling unit was constructed using stainless steel (Inox 304) and fitted directly on an improved stove made from fired bricks. The heat profile at different locations in the unit, the physicochemical properties, cooking properties of the parboiled rice, and the fuel efficiency of the stove were evaluated and compared with that of the traditional system. The heat flow in the new unit was from the top to the bottom while the reverse occurred in the traditional unit. The percent impurities and heat‐damaged grains, swelling and water uptake ratios, amylose content, stickiness, and cohesiveness were lower for rice produced using the improved technology (IT) compared to the traditional technology (TT). Whole grains (%), lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), cooking time, viscosity were higher for rice produced using the IT compared to the TT. Most of physicochemical and cooking properties of rice produced using the IT were not different from that of premium quality imported rice and this was achieved when steaming time was between 20–25 min. The improved stove recorded a lower time to boil water and specific fuel consumption and a higher burning rate and firepower at the hot‐start high‐power phase compared to the traditional stove. Most end users rated the IT as easy and safe to use compared to the TT. The new technology was code‐named “Grain quality enhancer, Energy‐efficient and durable Material (GEM) parboiling technology.”

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa

Ndindeng

Manful

Futakuchi

et al. 2015

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…The thermal energy efficiency of rice parboiling system used in Bangladesh is very low (15-30%). The theoretical demand of thermal energy for parboiling is variously reported from 241 MJ/tonne to 460 MJ/tonne [10,13] of paddy, whereas the actual consumption of thermal energy for parboiling was found to be 1680 MJ/tonne (Table 1) and similar results was also reported as 1,659 MJ/tonne [7]. There is obviously a great potential to increase the thermal efficiency of rice parboiling system in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Energy Consumption In Different Operations Of Rice Processingmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Rice husk is mainly used as fuel for parboiling and drying of paddy before milling. In a study conducted in West Bengal, India, it was reported that 1,659 MJ of biomass energy was consumed for rice parboiling [7]. In a study by the IDRC (International Development Research Center, Canada) it was reported that theoretically the net energy demand for hot soaking, steaming and drying were 360 MJ, 105.5 MJ and 574 MJ, respectively, to process one tonne of paddy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Utilization and Environmental Aspects of Rice Processing Industries in Bangladesh

Ahiduzzaman

Islam

2009

Energies

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Abstract:In this study, the energy utilization and environmental aspects of the rice processing industries in Bangladesh was analyzed. Rice husk, a milling by-product of rice, is used as a source of thermal energy to produce steam for parboiling of raw rice. The rice is mostly dried on a concrete floor under the sunshine. In mechanical drying, rice husks are used as a source of primary energy. In Bangladesh, the annual estimated energy used in 2000 for the drying of rice by sunshine was 10.7 million GJ and for drying and parboiling by rice husks it was 48.2 million GJ. These amounts will increase to 20.5 and 92.5 million GJ in 2030, respectively. Electrical energy consumption for mechanical drying and milling of rice was calculated as 1.83 million GJ e and 3.51 million GJ e in 2000 and in 2030, respectively. Biogenic carbon dioxide emission from burning of rice husk is renewed every year by the rice plant. Both the biogenic and non-biogenic carbon dioxide emissions in 2000 were calculated as 5.7 and 0.4 million tonnes, respectively, which will increase to 10.9 and 0.7 million tonnes in 2030. The demand of energy for rice processing increases every year, therefore, energy conservation in rice processing industries would be a viable option to reduce the intensity of energy by increasing the efficiency of rice processing systems which leads to a reduction in emissions and an increased supply of rice husk energy to other sectors as well.

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“…Rice husk is mainly used as fuel for parboiling and drying of paddy before milling. In a study conducted in West Bengal, India, it was reported that 1,659 MJ of biomass energy was consumed for rice parboiling (Roy et al 2006). In a study by the IDRC (International Development Research Center, Canada) it was reported that theoretically the net energy demand for hot soaking, steaming and drying were 360 MJ, 105.5 MJ and 574 MJ, respectively, to process one tonne of paddy.…”

Section: Energy Conversion and Source For Various Energiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy use pattern in rice milling industries—a critical appraisal

2012

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Rice milling industry is one of the most energy consuming industries. Like capital, labour and material, energy is one of the production factors which used to produce final product. In economical term, energy is demandderived goods and can be regarded as intermediate good whose demand depends on the demand of final product. This paper deals with various types of energy pattern used in rice milling industries viz., thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and human energy. The important utilities in a rice mill are water, air, steam, electricity and labour. In a rice mill some of the operations are done manually namely, cleaning, sun drying, feeding paddy to the bucket elevators, weighing and packaging, etc. So the man-hours are also included in energy accounting. Water is used for soaking and steam generation. Electricity is the main energy source for these rice mills and is imported form the state electricity board grids. Electricity is used to run motors, pumps, blowers, conveyors, fans, lights, etc. The variations in the consumption rate of energy through the use of utilities during processing must also accounted for final cost of the finished product. The paddy milling consumes significant quantity of fuels and electricity. The major energy consuming equipments in the rice milling units are; boilers and steam distribution, blowers, pumps, conveyers, elevators, motors, transmission systems, weighing, etc. Though, wide variety of technologies has been evolved for efficient use of energy for various equipments of rice mills, so far, only a few have improved their energy efficiency levels. Most of the rice mills use old and locally available technologies and are also completely dependent on locally available technical personnel.

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Energy consumption and cost analysis of local parboiling processes

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa

Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa

Energy Utilization and Environmental Aspects of Rice Processing Industries in Bangladesh

Energy use pattern in rice milling industries—a critical appraisal

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