Energy Diversification Indonesian Railways

Abstract

This study aims to find alternative energy in substitution high speed diesel (HSD) in the railway by measuring the economic, supply chain, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) optimization especially in Java. The economic analysis using the feasibility of investment method in LNG locomotive, supply chain analysis to simulate infrastructure of transportation and distribution LNG to identify internal and external factors affecting. The economic analysis result showed fuel saving costs up to 36%, the NPV is positive, and the IRR higher than the discount rate so the investment is feasible to held that will bring benefits for country’s revenues from using dual fuel in LNG locomotive. Supply chain analysis provide two simulation models of LNG distribution for railway that suitable to be applied in Java Island, the source of LNG coming from outside Java Island using existing LNG plant and the source of LNG coming from inside Java Island using mini LNG plant.

Study of Sows Reproductive Performance in Kalasey Village Minahasa District

“…Beside, pigs are one of the most efficient sources of meat and nutrition because pigs have a fairly high ration conversion, the percentage of pig carcasses is also quite high, reaching 65-80%, compared to the percentage of the beef which is only 50-60%, sheep and goat 45-55% and buffalo about 38%. Pork has a higher fat content so that the energy value is high and the water content is lower [3,7].…”

“…The pig nation according can also affect the litter size. Pig breeds known today include VDL (Veredeld Duits Landvarken), Duroc, Yorkshire, Landrace, Hampshire, Saddleback [3,11]. However, the results of the study by Ohin [11] show that there is no difference in reproductive performance between Landrace and Duroc breeds.…”