Energy Drinks: A Reversible Risk Factor for Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Garg, Anisha; Rodriguez, Andrea C.; Lewis, Jason T.; Bansal, Rishabh; Brahmbhatt, Bhaumik

doi:10.7759/cureus.12298

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Goblet cell metaplasia encountered in this group may be a marker for an early progression to gastric cancer [16]. This finding goes with finding of Garg et al who described the presence of atrophic gastritis and gastrointestinal metaplasia in relation to increase the dose of energy drinks [17]. Regarding intestinal sections, normal histological pattern was found in control group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Sammak

Qassim

Hamdi

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Nowadays energy drinks are markedly consumed by young people all over the world but till now there were only few literatures that describe their effect on the stomach and small intestine. AIM: The aim of the current study is to highlight the histopathological changes encountered in the stomach and small intestine that are induced by energy drinks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group given only standard diet and distilled water, a group given a low dose of Tiger energy drink (1 ml/100 mg/rat/day), and a group given a high dose of Tiger energy drink (2 ml/100 mg/rat/day). These drinks were given orally via gastric tube for 1 month duration. RESULTS: Histological assessment of different sections of the stomach and small intestine has revealed parietal cell hyperplasia with congestion of gastric mucosal blood vessels, moreover partial loss of intestinal villi with goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in group treated with low dose of Tiger. Increasing the dose of this drink resulted in mononuclear cell infiltration associated with goblet cell metaplasia which could be an early marker for gastric cancer, furthermore complete loss of intestinal villi and degenerative changes of epithelial cells were seen in intestinal sections. These pathological changes seem to be dose related. CONCLUSION: There is a high risk on the rat’s stomach and small intestine in chronic consumers of energy drinks particularly when taken with no limits. Further work is recommended to delineate the exact mechanism of the pathological findings induced by energy drinks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Sammak

Qassim

Hamdi

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…The last finding also demonstrated that EDs containing caffeine can stimulate gastrin and gastric acid secretion and may reduce the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter, which eventually leads to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [ 64 , 73 ]. Interestingly, a case study revealed that atrophic gastritis and the gastric intestinal metaplasia can be limited with the withdrawal of EDs [ 74 ].…”

Section: Alarming Effects Associated With Energy Drink Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

et al. 2021

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The rise in energy drink (ED) intake in the general population and athletes has been achieved with smart and effective marketing strategies. There is a robust base of evidence showing that adolescents are the main consumers of EDs. The prevalence of ED usage in this group ranges from 52% to 68%, whilst in adults is estimated at 32%. The compositions of EDs vary widely. Caffeine content can range from 75 to 240 mg, whereas the average taurine quantity is 342.28 mg/100 mL. Unfortunately, exact amounts of the other ED elements are often not disclosed by manufacturers. Caffeine and taurine in doses 3–6 mg/kg and 1–6 g, respectively, appear to be the main ergogenic elements. However, additive or synergic properties between them seem to be implausible. Because of non-unified protocol design, presented studies show inconsistency between ED ingestion and improved physical performance. Potential side effects caused by abusive consumption or missed contraindications are the aspects that are the most often overlooked by consumers and not fully elucidated by ED producers. In this review, the authors aimed to present the latest scientific information on ED components and their possible impact on improving physical performance as well as to bring emphasis to the danger of inordinate consumption.

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“…Headaches and stomach aches are known as common side effects of the excessive intake of caffeine ( 59 , 60 ). Hence, the coexistence of more reported headaches and stomach aches among those with more frequent consumption of CED is expected, and comes in line with the existing literature linking CED with such adverse symptoms ( 61 , 62 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeinated energy drink consumption among Emirati adolescents is associated with a cluster of poor physical and mental health, and unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: a cross-sectional study

Faris,

Al Gharaibeh,

Islam

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundConsumption of caffeinated energy drinks (CED) has escalated during the last few years, especially among schoolchildren, with evident adverse health sequelae in this critical age group.ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence of CED consumption and its associations with sleep, physical and mental health, and dietary and lifestyle habits among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodA structured self-administered online questionnaire was developed and disseminated among schoolchildren aged 14–18 years, selected from schools of the seven emirates of the UAE.ResultsMore than 4,500 (N= 4,648) responses received. A relatively low prevalence of CED consumption (20%) was found among schoolchildren in the UAE. However, those who reported CED consumption were more likely to report unhealthy dietary (skipping breakfast, frequent snacking, and eating fast foods, low fruit, and vegetable intake) and lifestyle behaviors (long screen time, poor sleep health), in addition to poor self-reported mental and physical health than non-users. CED consumption was significantly and variably associated with multiple sociodemographic factors such as students’ nationality, parental companionship, sex, school type, education level (children’s and parents’), daily allowance, academic performance, screen time, sleep quality parameters, self-reported physical and mental health, and parents’ employment. Sources of knowledge about CED were social media (55%), friends/schoolmates (52%), and family members (52%). Students believed that CED constitute sugar (87%), caffeine (69%), artificial flavors (67%) sweeteners (54%), and stimulating components (43%). The majority (70%) of students reported that CED consumption increases the risks for heart disease, diabetes, high blood sugar (65%), addiction (64%), high blood pressure (59%), and obesity (57%).ConclusionThese results offer important insights for health professionals, child health specialists, policymakers, and parents in the UAE regarding adolescents’ attitudes, knowledge and behaviors toward CED consumption.

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Energy Drinks: A Reversible Risk Factor for Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Physical Performance and Potential Danger of Inordinate Usage

Caffeinated energy drink consumption among Emirati adolescents is associated with a cluster of poor physical and mental health, and unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors: a cross-sectional study

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