Energy Efficiency and Digitalization: Challenges and Opportunities for Ukraine's Construction Industry in the Context of Energy Shortages

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global challenges such as geopolitical instability, environmental threats, and social crises, Ukraine's energy system has come under unprecedented pressure, requiring tactical responses to the destruction of energy infrastructure as well as long-term strategic solutions to ensure its resilience and energy efficiency. Currently, state efforts focused on operational measures, including the restoration of damaged power plants, support for decentralized energy sources, and mobilizing foreign aid to meet seasonal demands. However, despite existing national programs, such as the National Energy Efficiency Plan, several unresolved aspects require further detailing and adaptation to current conditions. Specifically, there is a lack of concrete steps for integrating decentralized sources into building projects, flexible mechanisms to operate during infrastructure disruptions, and incentives for the widespread use of green technologies in large-scale construction. This research aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges related to enhancing the energy efficiency of Ukraine's construction sector through innovative solutions such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), digital twins, and eco-friendly materials. The study utilizes methods of content analysis, comparative and situational analysis, as well as expert evaluation to develop practical recommendations for both construction companies and government bodies. The results indicate that technologies enhancing building autonomy and resilience, particularly digital twins and IoT, are the most effective during wartime. Larger-scale solutions, such as smart energy-efficient buildings, require foreign investment and they may be implemented in the post-war period. The introduction of AI and ML not only improves energy efficiency but also helps reduce the carbon footprint, which positively affects at the environment and aids in adapting to climate change.