Energy efficiency improvements by investigating the water flooding management on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Ijaodola, Oluwatosin; Hassan, Zaki El; Ogungbemi, Emmanuel; Khatib, F.N.; Wilberforce, Tabbi; Thompson, J. F.; Olabi, Abdul–Ghani

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.074

Cited by 357 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Fuel cells (FCs) are electrochemical devices used for the efficient energy conversion of chemical energy in fuels, directly into electricity. Their high efficiency has reached a theoretical potential of 83% in the case of proton exchange membrane fuel cells 8,9 and reached over 100% in the case of urea FCs. [10][11][12] FCs are considered an effective method for the conversion of different renewable such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, and urea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐decorated reduced graphene/titanium nitride composite as an active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with superior stability

Al‐Dhaifallah¹,

Abdelkareem

Rezk

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Preparing a cost‐effective, active, stable, non‐precious catalyst, especially at the cathode, is one of the basic requirements for the commercialization of fuel cells (FCs). In this study, cobalt nanoparticles composite with titanium nitride (TiN) were prepared on the surface of reduced graphene oxide, using a facile hydrothermal method, followed by heat treatment under an inert atmosphere. The surface morphology, surface composition, and crystalline structure are investigated with the use of field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is examined in sulfuric acid (0.5 M H2SO4), under nitrogen and oxygen bubbling. Results showed that there is an optimum ratio of the Co and the TiN that maximizes the ORR activity. A high onset potential of 0.926 V vs Ag/AgCl is obtained in the case of CoTiN (30)/Gr. This is much higher than that of commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.576 V vs Ag/AgCl). The prepared catalyst has no activity towards methanol oxidation, unlike the Pt/C catalyst. Thus, it considered a promising cathode catalyst for direct alcoholic FCs. Furthermore, the composite catalyst has a high stability, with no activity degradation occurring even after 1000 cycles. This is extremely effective compared to the 20% loss of Pt/C activity under the same operating conditions. The high performance of the prepared catalyst is related to the synergetic effect between the TiN and the Cobalt.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐decorated reduced graphene/titanium nitride composite as an active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with superior stability

Al‐Dhaifallah¹,

Abdelkareem

Rezk

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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“…This energy is converted through certain electrochemical process that results in the by-product of only water. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Energy and fuel extracted from fossil-based sources suffer depletion and raise serious concerns about climatic change. For instance, in a fossil fuel internal combustion engine, specific fuel combustion rate for gasolinepowered is about 240 g kWh −1 which translates as about 34% system efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of operating condition, design parameters and material properties for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

et al. 2020

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Summary Studies into the effects of parameters used in the design of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell have been done. All the modelling parameters considered influenced the performance of the PEM fuel cells. The effect of the operating condition is shown to be significant. Increasing the operating temperature and operating pressure increases the mobility of ions and as a result the ionic conductivity is increased. In addition, the membrane is dried out when the correct humidity is not provided which increases membrane degradation. Adopting good design parameter is necessary for the efficient transportation of both reactants (fuel and oxygen). With regards to the use of flow plates, the serpentine flow plate is highly recommended. Material properties are very important in material selection and new product development. For the membrane electrode area (MEA); the membrane, the ionic conductivity is very important and should be given an important consideration. This investigation thoroughly examined operating condition, design parameters and material properties necessary for PEM fuel cells experiment. The investigation will further accelerate the commercialization of fuel cells and its integration in the automotive industry.

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“…Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) have gradually become a hot topic of research due to their high energy conversion efficiency, low noise, and zero emission. [1][2] PEMFC is mainly composed of bipolar plate with flow field, gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer, and proton exchange membrane (PEM). [3][4] Membrane electrode is a core component of PEMFC, which is generally prepared of GDL, catalyst layer, and PEM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of graded microporous layers for enhanced water management in fuel cells

Lin

Hong

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The newly prepared gas diffusion layer (GDL) was studied in this article. The new GDL mainly includes a carbon paper layer and two microporous layers (MPLs) on the same side of carbon paper. The two MPLs were fabricated by using conductive carbon blacks of two different carbon morphology, Vulcan XC‐72, and acetylene black carbon, respectively. From the results of the water contact angle and conductivity, it was found that the GDL prepared by spraying has not only good hydrophobicity but also low resistivity. Polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the spraying sequence of two different carbon black pastes seriously affects the fuel cell performance, and the mercury intrusion test proved that the change in the fuel cell performance is due to the change in the pore‐size distribution of the newly prepared GDL. By comparing with commercial GDL29BC, the GDL first sprayed with a layer of acetylene black carbon and then a layer of Vulcan XC‐72 has more pore size of 7–20 μm and 20–100 μm to improve the water and gas management capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. When the humidity is 60%, the maximum power density is increased by 25%, and when the humidity is 100%, it is increased by 12%.

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Energy efficiency improvements by investigating the water flooding management on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)

Abstract: Energy efficiency improvements by investigating the water flooding management on proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), Energy (2019), doi:

Cited by 357 publications

References 163 publications

Co‐decorated reduced graphene/titanium nitride composite as an active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with superior stability

Co‐decorated reduced graphene/titanium nitride composite as an active oxygen reduction reaction catalyst with superior stability

Review of operating condition, design parameters and material properties for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Preparation of graded microporous layers for enhanced water management in fuel cells

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