Energy Efficiency in MAC 802.15.4 for Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Recent technological advances in sensors, low power integrated circuits, and wireless communications have enabled the design of low-cost, lightweight, and intelligent physiological sensor nodes. The IEEE 802.15.4 is a new wireless personal area network designed for wireless monitoring and control applications. The fast progress of research on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks, and the need to compare with the solutions adopted in the standards motivates the need for this work. In the analysis presented, the star network configuration of 802.15.4 standard at 868 MHz is considered for a Zigbee network. In this paper, we analyze the active duration of the superframe and entered the sleep mode status inside this period. It happens when sensors do not have any data to send. The nonpersistent CSMA uses the adaptive backoff exponent. This method helps the network to be reliable under traffic changes due to save the energy consumption. The introduction of sleep state has shown incredible reduction of the power consumption in all network load changes.

An Energy Efficient Hybrid MAC Protocol With Dynamic Sleep-Based Scheduling for High Density IoT Networks

“…From the performance evaluation aspect, Ghazvini et al [23] suggested an energy efficient MAC protocol, based on IEEE 802.15.4, for WSNs that reduces energy depletion and network collisions by permitting devices to move between sleep and listening modes during the active period, when they have no packets to transmit. After that, Xiao et al [24] also proposed a Markov model that took into consideration the sleep-based mode of the beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 standard.…”

“…The channel utilisation (ρ) for one superframe is defined as the summation of the time during the successful transmission of packets to the total time during one superframe (SF duration ). The ρ in the simulation can be mathematically evaluated as: (23) and SF duration can be clarified as…”

A Dynamic Topology Reformation Algorithm for Power Saving in ZigBee Sensor Networks

“…Analogous methods are used in [24, 25] to evaluate the power consumption. However, we assume that the sleep and idle mode energy consumption can be ignored which is because that power consumption in the sleep/idle mode for a short period is too small to measure.…”