Energy-Efficient Joint Power Allocation and Energy Cooperation for Hybrid-Powered Comp-Enabled HetNet

Abstract

Base station (BS) coordination with respect to data and energy cooperation has recently emerged as a potential solution for enhancing the energy efficiency (EE) of multi-cell multi-tier cellular network architecture. This work studies the EE maximization problem in a hybrid-powered (grid and renewable energy source) heterogeneous network (HetNet) where the data and energy are jointly coordinated among the BSs. We propose a combinatorial optimization algorithm to maximize the system EE with the aim to reduce grid power consumption (GPC). Due to the complexity of the formulation, Lagrange dual decomposition and metaheuristic method are incorporated to solve the problem. Furthermore, the nonfractional programming EE problem is solved using the Dinkelbach's method which converges faster with a lower complexity. Simulation results show that cooperation among the BSs to share the channel information and energy reduces the GPC by nearly 20% and increases EE around 10% during harvested energy scarcity among the BSs.

Energy-Efficient Joint Base Station Switching and Power Allocation for Smart Grid Based Hybrid-Powered CoMP-Enabled HetNet

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to incorporate base station switching (BS-Sw) into a CoMP-enabled hybrid-powered BS connected to a smart grid. Unlike the work in [12], which proposes a joint power allocation and energy cooperation for a CoMP-enabled HetNet, this work extends the previous works further by considering the BS-Sw and power allocation in a CoMP-enabled HetNet, which employs smart grid for energy cooperation. The problem formulated is more challenging by taking BS-Sw into account because the strategy to switch off the BS has a direct impact on the power allocation and energy cooperation.…”

“…To obtain the optimal transmit power, the PA problem can be converted into Lagrangian optimisation and the problem can be solved using the Lagrangian dual method. It is worth noting that this method was used in the author's previous work to solve a similar problem [12]. First, the Lagrangian function of the PA optimisation problem is formed as in Equation ( 5).…”

“…Nevertheless, irregular patterns of energy harvesting should be taken into consideration while evaluating their contribution to the EE of a HetNet. In spite of improving just a single-cell EE, sharing the excess harvested energy (HE) among the coordinating BSs would further enhance the EE of the overall HetNet [12]. This can be explained by comparing the available energy per BS and its user strength and /or distribution, which rarely compensates one another.…”

IMPSO and Linear Programming-Based Energy-Efficient Cell Association Algorithm for Backhaul-Constrained Ultra-Dense Small-Cell Networks

“…In [16], the authors investigated CoMP JT in the multitier UDN and analyzed the performance of network energy efficiency. In [17], the system energy efficiency maximization problem in hybridpowered heterogeneous network (HetNet) is solved by joint optimization of data and energy among coordinated BSs. In [18], the authors focused on the CoMP JT in nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and proposed a distributed power optimization approach which can obtain significant gains in energy efficiency.…”

A Mathematical Model for the Optimization of Renewable Energy Systems

“…It should be pointed out that the power supply problem has been solved in regions where it is possible to extend the electrical grid in combination with renewable resources. In [37], the authors present a study on the maximization of energy efficiency within a heterogeneous network that includes various types of networks, in addition to renewable energy sources, and the information and energy data were coordinated synchronously between base stations. In addition, in [38], it was reported that a control system based on the management and administration of energy within a home can be programmed efficiently and can integrate an RES.…”