Energy‐efficient multihop routing in WSN using the hybrid optimization algorithm

Abstract

SummaryThe technical growth in the field of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has resulted in the process of collecting and forwarding the massive data between the nodes, which was a major challenge to the WSNs as it is associated with greater energy loss and delay. This resulted in the establishment of a routing protocol for the optimal selection of the multipath to progress the routing in WSNs. This paper proposes an energy‐efficient routing in WSNs using the hybrid optimization algorithm, cat–salp swarm algorithm (C‐SSA), which chooses the optimal hops in progressing the routing. Initially, the cluster heads (CHs) are selected using the low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol that minimizes the traffic in the network. The CHs are engaged in the multihop routing, and the selection of the optimal paths is based on the proposed hybrid optimization, which chooses the optimal hops based on the energy constraints, such as energy, delay, intercluster distance, intracluster distance, link lifetime, delay, and distance. The simulation results prove that the proposed routing protocol acquired minimal delay of 0.3165 with 50 nodes and two hops, maximal energy of 0.1521 with 50 nodes and three hops, maximal number of the alive nodes as 39 with 100 nodes and two hops, and average throughput of 0.9379 with 100 nodes and three hops.

Cluster Based Routing Protocol Using Energy Centric Multi Objective Salp Swarm Algorithm for WSNs

“…Fig. 2 shows the alive nodes analysis of the ECMOSSA method with LEACH protocol, GWO-DHR [20] and C-SSA [22]. The alive nodes of the ECMOSSA method is high than the LEACH, GWO-DHR [20] and C-SSA [22].…”

“…The performance of the ECMOSSA is evaluated by means of the alive nodes, total energy consumption, total packets received by the BS, throughput and network lifetime. The ECMOSSA is analysed with three different methods LEACH protocol (i.e., classical algorithm), GWO-DHR [20] and C-SSA [22] with the same specifications mentioned in the Table 1.…”

“…2 shows the alive nodes analysis of the ECMOSSA method with LEACH protocol, GWO-DHR [20] and C-SSA [22]. The alive nodes of the ECMOSSA method is high than the LEACH, GWO-DHR [20] and C-SSA [22]. For example, the LEACH protocol In this single hop transmission of LEACH, the data packets are directly transmitted to the BS that quickly exhausts the energy of the nodes.…”

Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference System‐Particle swarm optimization‐based clustering approach and hybrid Moth‐flame cuttlefish optimization algorithm for efficient routing in wireless sensor network

“…In WSNs, an energy efficient routing was done by Vinitha et al 28 using hybrid optimization algorithm. By utilizing low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol the CH were selected which minimizes the network traffic.…”

Equal Area Partition‐Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for Circular WSN

“…Its core is that choosing the optimal hops in progressing the routing, which reduce the energy constraints. The results showed that C㏒SA effectively improved the link lifetime and reaction speed [22].…”