Energy harvesting from liquid cooling systems using thermo-electrochemical flow cells

Energy performance and power application of low-gradient thermo-electrochemical cells

“…The frequently studied p-type redox couple [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− [24,28,30,[53][54][55][56][57] has become one of the reference standards for comparing S i , while highly regarded n-type redox couples include Fe 2+/3+ [23,[58][59][60], I − /I 3− [61-63], Cu/Cu 2+ [64], and Co 2+/3+ [19,53]. Aqueous electrolytes, serving as commendable carriers for redox couples, show exceptional ionic transport capabilities.…”

“…For example, Yu et al [64] achieved exceptional output performance of Cu/Cu 2+based TC-LTC with P max /(∆T) 2 up to 0.71 mW K −2 m −2 by crafting a 3D multi-structured copper electrode through the machining and electrochemical etching of copper plates. Kim et al [55] increased the surface area available for redox reactions by integrating a porous nickel foam electrode into a K 3 /K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] aqueous solution, thereby achieving a P max /(∆T) 2 value of 4.298 mW K −2 m −2 with a η r of up to 0.301%. Additionally, widening the electrode spacing to mitigate thermal losses further raised the η r value to 0.5%.…”

Simulation of a thermo-electrochemical cell with graphite rod electrodes

“…Most TECs were operated at a stagnant cell, in which thermal energy exchanged between anode and cathode without the ow of electrolytes and chemical species into or out of the cell. [18][19][20][21] The reactions were maintained by the transport of reactants and products between anode and cathode. However, the concentration gradient of the reactants or products was observed near the electrode surface, resulting in the concentration overpotential, which limited the power generation of TECs in stagnant cell design, as reported in the literatures.…”

“…However, the concentration gradient of the reactants or products was observed near the electrode surface, resulting in the concentration overpotential, which limited the power generation of TECs in stagnant cell design, as reported in the literatures. 19,22 To evaluate the heat and mass transfer in TECs, the concentration and temperature distribution were analyzed by researches. For example, Gunathilaka et al applied operando magnetic resonance imaging approach to collect the quantitative spatial maps of electrolyte temperature and ion concentrations in TECs.…”

“…However, the concentration gradient of the reactants or products was observed near the electrode surface, resulting in the concentration overpotential, which limited the power generation of TECs in stagnant cell design, as reported in the literatures. 19,22…”