Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

Lorcé, Cedric; Metz, Andreas; Pasquini, B.; Rodini, Simone

doi:10.1007/jhep11(2021)121

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The EMT is a key object since many current fundamental questions about the hadronic stucture are related to its components. Namely, the 00 component addresses the question of the origin of the hadron mass [4][5][6][7][8][9]11], the 0i and i0 components address the question of the origin of the hadron spin [12,14,15], and the ij components contain information about pressure forces inside the nucleon [17,19,20,22].…”

Section: A Energy-momentum Tensor and Form Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decomposition of the nucleon mass in QCD into contributions from quarks and gluons has attracted a lot of attention in the recent literature [4][5][6][7][8][9]11]. It is interesting to address this question in a quark model framework where technical difficulties due to quantum anomalies do not occur.…”

Section: Mass Decomposition In the Bag Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is directly related to the questions of the nucleon mass and spin decompositions which constitute two of the three pillars of the Electron-Ion Collider project in the U.S.A. [1][2][3]. High-energy scattering experiments and calculations in Lattice QCD and models can be used to constrain matrix elements of the EMT, allowing us to study the mass [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], spin [12][13][14][15][16], and spatial distributions of energy, momentum and stress inside the nucleon [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. This offers an unprecedented picture of the nucleon structure and even a glimpse into the question of its stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While both experimental and lattice QCD data [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] are accumulating, numerous fundamental questions are addressed and studied from the theory side, ranging from the proper definition of the renormalized EMT in QCD, the various possibilities for decomposing the mass and the spin of a composite system, the understanding of relativistic effects and frame dependence, and many more aspects (see [11] for the most recent account), to the identification and suggestion of new processes and experimental observables. At the present stage of our knowledge, model calculations inspired by QCD are particularly useful since they provide valuable predictions guiding experimental studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit

Lorcé¹,

Schweitzer²,

Tezgin³

2022

Preprint

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Form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) can be interpreted in certain frames in terms of spatial distributions of energy, stress, linear and angular momentum, based on 2D or 3D Fourier transforms. This interpretation is in general subject to "relativistic recoil corrections", except when the nucleon moves at the speed of light like e.g. in the infinite-momentum frame. We show that it is possible to formulate a large-Nc limit in which the probabilistic interpretation of the nucleon EMT distributions holds also in other frames. We use the bag model formulated in the large-Nc limit as an internally consistent quark model framework to visualize the information content associated with the 2D EMT distributions. In order to provide more intuition, we present results in the physical situation and in three different limits: by considering a heavy-quark limit, a large system-size limit and a constituent-quark limit. The visualizations of the distributions in these extreme limits will help to interpret the results from experiments, lattice QCD, and other models or effective theories.

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Section: A Energy-momentum Tensor and Form Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Decomposition In the Bag Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit

Lorcé¹,

Schweitzer²,

Tezgin³

2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Extracting the proton and neutron mass distributions is of significance for the study of the equations of state of the dense nuclear matter, such as the neutron star. In all, understanding the proton mass problem theoretically and experimentally is a hot topic in the field of high-energy nuclear physics in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neutron and proton mass radii from the vector meson photoproduction data on the deuterium target

Han,

Xie,

Kou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Tremendous progresses have been achieved for the proton structure and radius measurements, but not so many for the neutron. In this paper, we extract the mass radii of the neutron and the proton from the analysis of the differential cross sections of near-threshold ω and φ photoproductions on deuterium target, which is regarded as a quasi-free neutron plus a quasi-free proton. The incoherent data of ω and φ photoproductions are provided by CBELSA/TAPS collaboration and LEPS collaboration respectively, where the deuteron is disintegrated in the experiments to measure the properties of the individual nucleons. With the near-threshold data of γd → ωn(p) and γd → ωp(n), the neutron and proton mass radii are determined to be 0.795 ± 0.092 fm and 0.741 ± 0.028 fm respectively. With the near-threshold and incoherent φ photoproduction data of γd → φpn, the average mass radius of the bound nucleon (neutron or proton) inside the deuteron is extracted to be 0.752 ± 0.039 fm. For a comparison study, we also extract the mass radius of the free proton from the exclusive and inclusive ω photoproductions on the hydrogen target by the CBELSA/TAPS collaboration. From our analysis, we find that the neutron mass radius is close to the proton mass radius with no obvious difference, and the nuclear modification on the mass radius is not significant inside the deuteron.

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A note on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors

Ahmed

Chen

Czakon

2023

J. High Energ. Phys.

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We discuss the constraints on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors in QCD that follow from the requirement of Renormalisation-Group invariance of the traces of these operators. Our study covers the most general form of the latter traces, while the energy-momentum tensors themselves are only subjected to very mild constraints. We derive Renormalisation-Group equations for the two finite independent functions of the strong coupling constant and renormalisation scale of minimal subtraction which completely define the energy-momentum tensors. We demonstrate that previously proposed definitions of the renormalized quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors are special cases of our results assuming no explicit dependence on the renormalisation scale. Finally, we present $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$ MS ¯ -renormalised quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors at four-loop order.

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Energy-momentum tensor in QCD: nucleon mass decomposition and mechanical equilibrium

Cited by 51 publications

References 148 publications

2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit

2D energy-momentum tensor distributions of nucleon in a large-$N_c$ quark model from ultra-relativistic to non-relativistic limit

The neutron and proton mass radii from the vector meson photoproduction data on the deuterium target

A note on quark and gluon energy-momentum tensors

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