“…The ring layout is used for single-family houses, the serpentine layout is used for medium-sized buildings that require longer pipes, and the grid layout (Tichelmann grid) is used in large buildings such as offices and schools [18,22]. Laknizi et al (2019) conducted a parametric study for design space exploration to determine the design geometry of EAHEs and found that the Tichelmann layout with a pipe diameter of 100 mm, length of 30 m, and velocity of 2 m/s results in optimal EAHE performance. The system was able to achieve the desired indoor comfort temperature according to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) guidelines while reducing the heating and cooling loads and decreasing the annual energy demand by 250.675 MWh [29].…”