“…Gracceva and Zeniewski [10], Yao and Chang [11], Sharifuddin [12], and Portugal-Pereira and Esteban [13] assessed the level of energy security of the national energy system. Augutis et al [14], Martchamadol and Kumar [15], and Wu et al [16] developed methodologies for measuring the level of energy security. Jun et al [17] measured the cost of energy security in terms of supply disruption and price volatility, considering the degree of concentration in energy supply and demand.…”