Energy system analysis with a focus on future energy demand projections: The case of Norway

Malka, Lorenc; Bidaj, Flamur; Kuriqi, Alban; Jaku, Aldona; Roçi, Rexhina; Gebremedhin, Alemayehu

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.127107

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The analysis of each scenario is based on the same electricity demand projection results, as the demand side scenario is not used in the model presented in this article. LEAP can calculate energy demand projections at the national and sectoral levels [45,46]. Energy demand projections can also be used to assess the impact of various policy options [47].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Net Zero-Emission Electricity Generation System by Optimizing Renewable Energy Sources and Nuclear Power Plant

Rahmanta,

Hasibi,

Tambunan

et al. 2024

Energies

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Greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 emissions, are an issue in the energy sector that must be addressed urgently. The energy sector, including electricity, has been given a global aim of net zero emissions (NZE). This article examines three scenarios for reaching net-zero emissions in power supply. These scenarios are baseline, NZE1, and NZE2. The baseline scenario represents power plant capacity planning based on existing regulations in the base year. The net zero emissions consisting of the NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios aim to achieve net zero emissions by 2060. The NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios differ in the usage of nuclear power plant technology. The NZE1 scenario employs advanced costs for small modular reactors and large reactors technology, whilst the NZE2 scenario employs the low cost of small modular reactors and large reactors. The three scenarios were implemented and examined using the low emissions analysis platform software. The analytical results demonstrate that the NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios can meet the net zero emission objective by 2058. The baseline scenario results in power plant capacity planning with an average annual CO2 emission growth rate of 3.58%. On the other hand, the baseline scenario has the lowest investment expenses, at only 44 billion USD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Net Zero-Emission Electricity Generation System by Optimizing Renewable Energy Sources and Nuclear Power Plant

Rahmanta,

Hasibi,

Tambunan

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The country provides tax rebates, free parking, and access to bus lanes for electric vehicle owners. 9 The National Action Plan for Alternative Fuels Infrastructure intends to achieve fossil-free public transport by 2025, while measures for green shipping and alternative fuel infrastructure aim to minimize emissions from fisheries and domestic shipping by 2030. Norway is likewise at the forefront of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) reduction, having ratified the Kigali Amendment and advocating for the eradication of regular flaring by 2030.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norway’s Battery Electric Vehicles and Public Health- Findings From the Literature

John Okesanya,

Saclolo,

Mia

et al. 2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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The transportation sector is among the highest contributors to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in European nations, with private cars emerging as the primary source. Although reducing emissions presents a formidable challenge, the emergence of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) offers a promising and sustainable avenue toward achieving zero greenhouse gases within the transportation infrastructure. Since the 1990s, the Norwegian parliament has fervently supported this transition, leveraging public awareness campaigns and a range of financial incentives for its users nationwide. The widespread utilization of BEVs promises substantial health benefits, including ensuring cleaner air for all citizens regardless of their socioeconomic status and fostering improvements in public health outcomes. This transition potentially curtails hundreds of thousands of annual deaths attributed to climate change, enhances the quality of life, bolsters civilian productivity, and fuels economic and population growth. The adoption of BEVs offers a myriad of advantages, including reduced health risks and premature mortality, as well as a quieter environment with diminished noise pollution. Nonetheless, the integration of BEVs necessitates robust road infrastructure with considerable maintenance costs, alongside limitations on driving range for users. Concerns arise regarding potential particle emissions from BEV tire wear due to the increased weight of batteries compared to conventional vehicles. Rapid acceleration capabilities may accelerate tire degradation, contributing to higher particle emissions, of which only 10% to 20% remain suspended in the air, whereas the majority settles on road surfaces, posing a threat to nearby aquatic ecosystems when washed into water bodies and soils. While BEVs hold promise for valuable benefits, successful policy creation and implementation require a detailed awareness of their limitations and challenges to ensure a comprehensive approach to sustainable mobility and public health improvement. Therefore, more research on the limitations of BEVs can help inform improved tactics for maximizing their benefits while limiting potential disadvantages.

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“…Transformation efforts and policies are needed to reduce GHG emissions in the development of the electricity sector (Hou et al, 2019). Furthermore, specific climate policies may lead to low-carbon development with lower GHG emissions (Emodi et al, 2017), and specific power plant technologies may help to meet emission targets while addressing energy demands (Malka et al, 2023) and maintaining several fossil fuels in operation (Cai et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Sector Under Climate Scenario: A Study of Climate Policy Impact on Indonesia Electricity System

Kurniawan,

Iskandar,

Sidik

2024

indones. j. env. man. sus.

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In the sixth assessment report, the IPCC indicates that global temperature increased by 1.11 (±0.13) degrees Celsius in 2019 due to 6.5 gigatons of CO2eq of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The power sector is a major global greenhouse gas emitter, particularly in Indonesia. Indonesia’s electricity sector emitted 149.90 million tons of CO2eq greenhouse gas in 2020, which is expected to increase to 158.30 million tons of CO2eq in 2021. Indonesia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions according to the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement has been ratified into national law, accommodating Indonesia’s roadmap to net zero by 2060. The emissions reduction target was published in 2022 through the enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This study aims to analyze the impact of climate policy in Indonesia’s electricity sector to meet the net zero emissions target by 2060. Projection and calculation in this study were conducted using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP). Data from 2020, including electricity demand, existing capacity, energy production, energy intensity, lifetime, and capacity factor, were used to support LEAP analysis. The data were obtained from the PLN statistical book, PLN sustainability report, Indonesia’s statistical book, and climate change mitigation and adaptation reports in Indonesia. This study developed three climate scenarios, including business as usual (BAU), sustainable development (SD), and low-carbon development (LCD). These scenarios draw upon current climate policies that have various impacts on electricity generation in Indonesia. Based on LEAP analysis, by 2060, energy demand is expected to increase to 300.36 MTOE (BAU), 200.93 MTOE (SD), and 76.97 MTOE (LCD). Consequently, each climate scenario requires an increase in installed capacity to 821.82 GW (BAU), 727.06 GW (SD), and 334.58 GW (LCD). The renewable energy mix is projected to be 21% (BAU), 69% (SD), and 100% (LCD). Each scenario requires investment to develop capacity to meet energy demand. The investment cost is estimated to be 1,671.58 million USD (BAU), 1,537.64 million USD (SD), and 816.51 million USD (LCD). GHG emissions are projected to rise to 1,746.31 million tons of CO2eq (BAU) and 264.39 million tons of CO2eq (SD). However, the LCD scenario expects to achieve net zero emissions by 2060.

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Energy system analysis with a focus on future energy demand projections: The case of Norway

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Towards a Net Zero-Emission Electricity Generation System by Optimizing Renewable Energy Sources and Nuclear Power Plant

Towards a Net Zero-Emission Electricity Generation System by Optimizing Renewable Energy Sources and Nuclear Power Plant

Norway’s Battery Electric Vehicles and Public Health- Findings From the Literature

Power Sector Under Climate Scenario: A Study of Climate Policy Impact on Indonesia Electricity System

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