Energy Transition Implications for Demand and Supply of Power System Flexibility: A Case Study of the Netherlands Within an EU Electricity Market and Trading Context

Analyzing the techno-economic role of nuclear power in the Dutch net-zero energy system transition

“…To measure the flexibility in capacity units, we measure the change in the residual load over a certain period [22]. In this regard, upward/downward flexibility in capacity units refers to the need for flexible capacity due to an increase/decrease in the residual power load over a certain period.…”

“…Cross-border trade can play an essential role in supplying flexibility to the energy system [74]. However, the available cross-border electricity supply and demand and associated prices depend highly on the energy system states of the neighboring countries, which can vary drastically based on socio-political policies.…”

“…The reviewed studies' major methodological shortcomings and knowledge gaps can be summarized as follows: (1) The reviewed studies do not calculate the endogenous demand for energy system flexibility. Flexibility refers to the ability of the energy system to respond to the variability and uncertainty of the residual power load (i.e., power load minus VRES generation) within the limits of the electricity grid [22]. When the share of intermittent renewables increases, the demand for flexibility in the energy system grows; thus, energy sectors are required to become more interconnected through conversion (e.g., Power to X) and storage technologies.…”

Analyzing the energy system impacts of price-induced demand-side-flexibility with empirical data

“…It concludes that consumers can gain the most by participating in reserve markets where price differences are large. Several studies assess the flexibility of electric vehicle charging (G2V) or de-charging (V2G) (Panos et al, 2019;Child et al, 2017;Pilpola et al, 2019;Sijm et al, 2019;Li and Pye, 2018) as potentially important DSF measures.…”

Quantifying energy transition pathways: an integrated framework approach

“…The use of aggregated time slices is an overestimation of the potential contribution of large base-load power plants and underestimation of the need for supply-demand management and storage with high shares of VRES [92]. In a manner similar to TIMES, OPERA provides a detailed techno-economic representation of the energy system [146]; however, it lacks optimal multi-year investment decisions [93]. Neglecting the multi-year optimisation undervalues the role of the current technological stock and its technoeconomic lifetime on the system costs.…”