Abstract:Biochar’s potential to remove various contaminants from aqueous solutions has been widely discussed. The rapid development of engineered biochar produced using different feedstock materials via various methods for wastewater treatment in recent years urges an up-to-date review on this topic. This article centers on summarizing state-of-the-art methods for engineered biochar production and discussing the multidimensional benefits of applying biochar for water reuse and soil amendment in a closed-loop agricultur… Show more
“…Carbon-based materials are commonly used in wastewater treatment, soil amendment, gas emission mitigation in the greenhouse, chemical catalysts, and energy storage systems [1][2][3]. Their several remarkable properties, such as highly developed porosity and internal pore structure, elevated specific surface area, and a high degree of surface chemistry, make carbon-based materials efficient candidates for these applications [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lately, several carbon-based materials, such as activated carbons, biochars, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and composites of these materials, have been utilized as adsorbents [1,4,5]. Activated carbon is the most utilized adsorbent; however, the use of biomass for producing biochar (BC) has led to biochars gaining attention as adsorbents in recent years [1,2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biochars are efficient for use in wastewater treatment, primarily due to their highly porous structure and their numerous chemical functionalities [1][2][3][4]. In wastewater treatment processes, adsorption is preferred due to characteristics of low implementation costs, relative operation simplicity, and minimal generation of by-products [4][5][6][7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the efficiency of the pyrolysis process in BC yielding with improved properties is influenced by several factors, such as pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and heating rate [4]. Therefore, the efficient control of these parameters is required to produce BCs with improved textural properties [1,2,4]. Additionally, the preparation of BC has another critical step, the activation process, which can be either physical or chemical [1,2,5,6].…”
In this work, Norway spruce bark was used as a precursor to prepare activated biochars (BCs) via chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activator. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was conducted to evaluate and identify the optimal conditions to reach high specific surface area and high mass yield of BC samples. The studied BC preparation parameters and their levels were as follows: pyrolysis temperature (700, 800, and 900 °C), holding time (1, 2, and 3 h), and ratio of the biomass: chemical activator of 1: 1, 1.5, and 2. The planned BBD yielded BC with extremely high SSA values, up to 2209 m2·g−1. In addition, the BCs were physiochemically characterized, and the results indicated that the BCs exhibited disordered carbon structures and presented a high quantity of O-bearing functional groups on their surfaces, which might improve their adsorption performance towards organic pollutant removal. The BC with the highest SSA value was then employed as an adsorbent to remove Evans blue dye (EB) and colorful effluents. The kinetic study followed a general-order (GO) model, as the most suitable model to describe the experimental data, while the Redlich–Peterson model fitted the equilibrium data better. The EB adsorption capacity was 396.1 mg·g−1. The employment of the BC in the treatment of synthetic effluents, with several dyes and other organic and inorganic compounds, returned a high percentage of removal degree up to 87.7%. Desorption and cyclability tests showed that the biochar can be efficiently regenerated, maintaining an adsorption capacity of 75% after 4 adsorption–desorption cycles. The results of this work pointed out that Norway spruce bark indeed is a promising precursor for producing biochars with very promising properties.
“…Carbon-based materials are commonly used in wastewater treatment, soil amendment, gas emission mitigation in the greenhouse, chemical catalysts, and energy storage systems [1][2][3]. Their several remarkable properties, such as highly developed porosity and internal pore structure, elevated specific surface area, and a high degree of surface chemistry, make carbon-based materials efficient candidates for these applications [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lately, several carbon-based materials, such as activated carbons, biochars, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and composites of these materials, have been utilized as adsorbents [1,4,5]. Activated carbon is the most utilized adsorbent; however, the use of biomass for producing biochar (BC) has led to biochars gaining attention as adsorbents in recent years [1,2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biochars are efficient for use in wastewater treatment, primarily due to their highly porous structure and their numerous chemical functionalities [1][2][3][4]. In wastewater treatment processes, adsorption is preferred due to characteristics of low implementation costs, relative operation simplicity, and minimal generation of by-products [4][5][6][7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the efficiency of the pyrolysis process in BC yielding with improved properties is influenced by several factors, such as pyrolysis temperature, holding time, and heating rate [4]. Therefore, the efficient control of these parameters is required to produce BCs with improved textural properties [1,2,4]. Additionally, the preparation of BC has another critical step, the activation process, which can be either physical or chemical [1,2,5,6].…”
In this work, Norway spruce bark was used as a precursor to prepare activated biochars (BCs) via chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a chemical activator. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was conducted to evaluate and identify the optimal conditions to reach high specific surface area and high mass yield of BC samples. The studied BC preparation parameters and their levels were as follows: pyrolysis temperature (700, 800, and 900 °C), holding time (1, 2, and 3 h), and ratio of the biomass: chemical activator of 1: 1, 1.5, and 2. The planned BBD yielded BC with extremely high SSA values, up to 2209 m2·g−1. In addition, the BCs were physiochemically characterized, and the results indicated that the BCs exhibited disordered carbon structures and presented a high quantity of O-bearing functional groups on their surfaces, which might improve their adsorption performance towards organic pollutant removal. The BC with the highest SSA value was then employed as an adsorbent to remove Evans blue dye (EB) and colorful effluents. The kinetic study followed a general-order (GO) model, as the most suitable model to describe the experimental data, while the Redlich–Peterson model fitted the equilibrium data better. The EB adsorption capacity was 396.1 mg·g−1. The employment of the BC in the treatment of synthetic effluents, with several dyes and other organic and inorganic compounds, returned a high percentage of removal degree up to 87.7%. Desorption and cyclability tests showed that the biochar can be efficiently regenerated, maintaining an adsorption capacity of 75% after 4 adsorption–desorption cycles. The results of this work pointed out that Norway spruce bark indeed is a promising precursor for producing biochars with very promising properties.
“… Fig. 6 Schematic illustrations of a horizontal pyrolysis reactor (such as rotary kiln reactor) and b vertical pyrolysis reactor (such as free-fall reactor) used to pyrolysed biomass feedstocks [ 23 , 49 ] …”
Section: Manufacture Of Kenaf Biochar and Its Characteristicsmentioning
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