Engineered multifunctional nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery in tumor immunotherapy

Abstract

The appearance of chemoresistance in cancer is a major issue. The main barriers to conventional tumor chemotherapy are undesirable toxic effects and multidrug resistance. Cancer nanotherapeutics were developed to get around the drawbacks of conventional chemotherapy. Through clinical evaluation of thoughtfully developed nano delivery systems, cancer nanotherapeutics have recently offered unmatched potential to comprehend and combat drug resistance and toxicity. In different design approaches, including passive targeting, active targeting, nanomedicine, and multimodal nanomedicine combination therapy, were successful in treating cancer in this situation. Even though cancer nanotherapy has achieved considerable technological development, tumor biology complexity and heterogeneity and a lack of full knowledge of nano-bio interactions remain important hurdles to future clinical translation and commercialization. The recent developments and advancements in cancer nanotherapeutics utilizing a wide variety of nanomaterial-based platforms to overcome cancer treatment resistance are covered in this article. Additionally, an evaluation of different nanotherapeutics-based approaches to cancer treatment, such as tumor microenvironment targeted techniques, sophisticated delivery methods for the precise targeting of cancer stem cells, as well as an update on clinical studies are discussed. Lastly, the potential for cancer nanotherapeutics to overcome tumor relapse and the therapeutic effects and targeted efficacies of modern nanosystems are analyzed.

Hybrid Nanogel Drug Delivery Systems: Transforming the Tumor Microenvironment through Tumor Tissue Editing

“…or immune organs, increasing the drug bioavailability and inhibiting immune-related adverse effects and chemoresistance. Furthermore, since there is an increased surface area, off-target impacts may be minimized or eliminated [ 21 , 22 ]. The host’s immune system is gradually awakened by the slow release once it reaches the tumor location, leading to improved therapeutic benefits.…”

Delivery of miR‐3529‐3p using MnO2‐SiO2‐APTES nanoparticles combined with phototherapy suppresses lung adenocarcinoma progression by targeting HIGD1A

“…However, these traditional therapies are limited because of poor treatment efficiency and improper drug targeting and delivery 5,6 . To confront these challenges, researchers from different disciplines, including therapeutics, chemistry, materials science, and pharmacology, have collaborated closely to apply nanosystems to cancer therapies 7–10 . Nanosystems within the dimensions of 1 to 100 nm have been proposed for their minimal invasiveness, high effectiveness, and efficient drug delivery 11–13 .…”

“… 5 , 6 To confront these challenges, researchers from different disciplines, including therapeutics, chemistry, materials science, and pharmacology, have collaborated closely to apply nanosystems to cancer therapies. 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 Nanosystems within the dimensions of 1 to 100 nm have been proposed for their minimal invasiveness, high effectiveness, and efficient drug delivery. 11 , 12 , 13 Several variants of nano‐drug delivery systems have been successfully studied for therapeutic applications, such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and micelles.…”

Biomaterials Elicit Pyroptosis Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy

“…Biomaterials have an important role in drug delivery systems, specifically regarding tumor target therapy. [ 5 ] It is widely believed that the enhanced permeation and retention effect is an important mechanism of biomaterials targeted therapy to improve the tumor immunotherapy effect, which prolongs the retention time by increasing the penetration of drugs into tumor tissues. [ 6 ] At the same time, a new innovative mechanism of drug enrichment is proposed, which can break through the basement membrane barrier of tumor blood vessels by inducing acute inflammation, briefly open the dynamic window, and realize the efficient penetration of biological materials like a volcanic eruption, effectively improving the enrichment and therapeutic effect in tumor tissues.…”