Engineered Wood Products as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Review

Yadav, Ravindra Nath; Kumar, J.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.99597

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When properly treated and maintained, wood is also a durable and long-lasting material capable of withstanding heavy loads while resisting decay and pests (Bi et al, 2021). Despite these advantages, wood is not widely used in nonresidential constructions due to its insufficient hardness and flammability (Hill & Dibdiakova, 2016;Yadav & Kumar, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical surface densification of sugar maple through Michael addition reaction

Akbari,

Vanslambrouck,

Landry

2024

Wood Sci Technol

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Wood densification is a technique to enhance wood density and hardness, presenting a promising solution to expand wood use across various applications. However, current densification methods have cost and environmental impact limitations. This project introduces a potential environmentally friendly approach involving surface chemical densification through in-situ polymerization, using carbon Michael addition reaction between biobased acrylate and malonate monomers. This reaction, conducted in mild conditions with low energy and solvent consumption, aims to enhance wood densification while minimizing environmental impact. Various malonate-acrylate systems were formulated, and were optimized based on their viscosity, conversion rate, glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, and hardness. Then, sugar maple wood samples were densified with the most effective formulations. Monomers with lower viscosity demonstrated higher level of chemical retention. Density profile and penetration depth were also higher for the samples impregnated with lower viscosity formulations, as confirmed by X-Rray densitometer and scanning electron microscopy. Confocal Raman spectroscopy confirmed that formulations successfully filled lumens and vessels without reacting with the cell wall components. The brinell hardness was used to determine the hardness of natural and densified woods. One-way ANOVA data analysis showed a significant increase in hardness of densified samples compared to untreated wood; however, based on TUKEY Anova analysis, no noticeable difference was reported between impregnated 2 samples with different formulations. Overall, results showed the potential effectiveness of the Michael addition reaction in wood impregnation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical surface densification of sugar maple through Michael addition reaction

Akbari,

Vanslambrouck,

Landry

2024

Wood Sci Technol

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“…Timber buildings using engineered wood have become more and more popular [1][2][3][4] over the past few decades due to its sustainability, light weight, lower amount of greenhouse gas emissions, energy demand and shorter duration in the construction phase. Lower amounts of greenhouse gas emission and energy demand are conducive to producing a green environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire safety concerns for timber buildings have been reported in many open forums [2,[9][10][11][12] for 20 years. With the advancement of technologies and designs of engineered timber products throughout the last 25 years, wood fibre is used in new engineered timber products [4]. The strength and stiffness of the new products are often achieved by using thin veneers or timber studs and applying adhesives to form composite materials with greater structural strength than the individual elements [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke Hazards of Tall Timber Buildings with New Products

et al. 2022

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Timber buildings can now stand very tall using new products. As timber materials are expected to be easily ignitable, the fire hazard of timber is a concern. Charring of the timber surface would maintain structural stability, but would also be accompanied by smoke. Although treating timber products with fire retardants would delay the ignition time under low radiative heat flux, toxic combustion products and unburnt fuel would be emitted immediately upon burning. More smoke and higher toxic gas concentrations such as carbon monoxide would be given off upon burning some fire retardants under high flashover heat fluxes. Due to the fast upward movement of smoke under stack effect, spreading of toxic smoke in tall timber buildings would lead to a hazardous environment. Engineered timber consists of derivative timber products. New engineered timber products are manufactured with advanced technology and design, including cross-laminated-timber (CLT), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and glue-laminated timber (Glulam). The fire behaviour of timber products has been studied for several decades. However, the smoke hazards of using new timber products in building construction should be monitored. The objective of this study is to inspire stakeholders in fire safety of timber buildings, inter alia smoke hazards, to use new timber products to build tall buildings.

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“…At the present time, various structural wood products are exhibiting a strong growth, glue laminated timber (Glulam) is one of those products which is considered as one of the highest performance composite construction materials 6 . These designed items are comprised of different layers of dimensional wood that are attached together using high strength glue material to produce a single unit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability-based numerical analysis of glulam beams reinforced by CFRP plate

Harrach

Habashneh

Rad

2022

Sci Rep

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Most existed researches consider deterministic numerical analysis when dealing with structural models. However, the test results reveal that uncertainties are existing in most cases regarding some considerations such as material randomness and the lack of experience. Therefore, proposing a probabilistic design models have got attention of researchers according to its important role in predicting accurate performance of the structures. The aim of the proposed work is to consider reliability-based analysis in numerical modelling of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates as well as unreinforced glulam beams by considering the properties of used timber material as random variables having mean value and standard deviation taking into consideration that the findings of this study have shown that the reliability index is worked efficiently as a limit which controls the process. Hill yield criterion model is adopted with respect to the data which is obtained from the experimental tests in order to validate the models. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between the reinforced and unreinforced glulam beams are proposed to see the effect of introducing the CFRP plates as a reinforcement material. The results of this study have successfully given a deep understanding of how the uncertainties plays a crucial role on the resulted deformations and stresses in which it was founded by making a comparison between deterministic and probabilistic numerical analysis.

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Engineered Wood Products as a Sustainable Construction Material: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Chemical surface densification of sugar maple through Michael addition reaction

Chemical surface densification of sugar maple through Michael addition reaction

Smoke Hazards of Tall Timber Buildings with New Products

Reliability-based numerical analysis of glulam beams reinforced by CFRP plate

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