Engineering and Development Support of General Decon Technology for the DARCOM Installation Restoration Program. Task 6. Adapted/Mutant Biological Treatment. Phase I. Literature Review.

Isbister, Jenefir D.; Doyle, Richard C.; Kitchens, Judith F.

doi:10.21236/ada110389

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…McCormick et al (1981) observed the complete degradation of RDX by anaerobic sewage sludge. Ibister et al (1982) found that RDX degradation occurred in compost experiments using a mixed culture obtained from horse manure. Kitts et al (1994) observed RDX degradation by three isolates of the Enterobacteriaceae family in liquid cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by a prospective consortium and its most effective isolate Serratia marcescens

Young

Unkefer

Ogden

1997

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the practicality and effectiveness of the microbial consortium in horse manure, it was chosen to be the focus of this research (Ibister et al, 1982). Studies were done using the consortium and pure cultures isolated from that consortium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by a prospective consortium and its most effective isolate Serratia marcescens

Young

Unkefer

Ogden

1997

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…In laboratory and greenhouse studies by Isbister, et al, (1982) the composting of RDX contaminated soil was examined. The soil used in the study was chosen for its relatively low capacity to adsorb RDX (1% organic matter), producing "worst case" results in leaching tests.…”

Section: Soil Cornpostingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous laboratory and field tests have achieved degradation efficiencies greater then 90% for RDX and HMX using a variety of composting materials (Doyle, et al 1986;Doyle and Kitchens. 1993;Griest, et al 1990;Isbister, et al 1982;Williams, et al 1992). The high degradation efficiencies and moderate costs of composting make it an effective method of treating RDX and HMX contaminated soils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Treatment of HMX and RDX contamination

Card¹,

Autenrieth

1998

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DISCLAIMERThese methods need to be adapted to remediate contaminated water. Other technologies such as bioremediation and composting are being developed as methods of remediating HMX and RDX contamination in a solid matrix. This report describes and evaluates each of these technologies.This report also describes the processes which affect HMX and RDX in the environment.The major transformation processes of RDX and HMX in the environment are biodegradation and photolysis. A major factor affecting the transport and treatment of RDX and HMX in soil-water environments is their sorption and desorption to soil particles. Finally, this report draws conclusions as to which treatment methods are currently most suitable for the remediation of contaminated soils and waters.

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“…However, in many studies that use conditions favoring fast growing, heterotrophic, facultative anaerobes like the enteric bacteria, TNT is reduced by either aerobic or anaerobic cul tures, while RDX is only reduced by anaerobic cultures (Isbister et al 1982;Kaplan 1990;Kitts et al 1994;McCormick et al 1981;McCormick et al 1984;Spanggord et al 1983). Aerobic cultures of M. morganii and E. cloacae reduced measurable amounts of TNT in vivo, but did not re duce measurable amounts of RDX.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Type I nitroreductases in soil enterobacteria reduce TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine)

Kitts¹,

Green²,

Otley³

et al. 2000

Rev. can. microbiol.

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Abstract:Many enteric bacteria express a type I oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, which reduces nitro groups on many different nitroaromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. Enzymatic reduction of nitramines was also docu mented in enteric bacteria under anaerobic conditions. This study indicates that nitramine reduction in enteric bacteria is carried out by the type I, or oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, rather than a type II enzyme. The enteric bacterium Morganella morganii strain B2 with documented hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) nitroreductase activity, and Enterobacter cloacae strain 96-3 with documented 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) nitroreductase activity, were used here to show that the explosives TNT and RDX were both reduced by a type I nitroreductase. Morganella morganii and E. cloacae exhibited RDX and TNT nitroreductase activities in whole cell assays. Type I nitroreductase, purified from E. cloacae, oxidized NADPH with TNT or RDX as substrate. When expression of the E. cloacae type I nitroreductase gene was induced in an Escherichia coli strain carrying a plasmid, a simultaneous increase in TNT and RDX nitroreductase activities was observed. In addition, neither TNT nor RDX nitroreductase activity was detected in nitrofurazone-resistant mutants of M. morganii. We conclude that a type I nitroreductase present in these two enteric bacteria was responsible for the nitroreduction of both types of explosive.Key words: nitroreductase, TNT, RDX, Enterobacter cloacae, Morganella morganii.Résumé : Différentes bactéries entériques produisent une nitroréductase de type I insensible à l'oxygène capable de ré duire les groupements nitro de divers composés nitroaromatiques dans des conditions anaérobies. La réduction enzyma tique des nitramines en anaérobiose est aussi connue chez les entérobactéries. La présente étude indique que la réduction des nitramines par les entérobactéries était catalysée par une nitroréductase de type I non sensible à l'oxygène plutôt que par une enzyme de type II. La souche B2 de Morganella morganii reconnue pour son activité hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) nitroréductase, et la souche 96-3 d'Enterobacter cloacae reconnue pour son activité 2,4,6 trinitrotoluène (TNT) nitroréductase, ont toutes deux servi à démontrer que les deux explosifs TNT et RDX étaient réduits par une nitroréductase de type I. Les RDX et TNT nitroréductases de M. morganii et d'E. cloacae ont été observées lors d'essais avec des bactéries entières. La nitroréductase de type I, purifiée de l'E. cloacae, oxydait le NADPH en présence de TNT ou de RDX comme substrat. L'induction de l'expression du gène de la nitroréductase de type I de l'E. cloacae chez une souche d'Escherichia coli porteuse d'un plasmide a causé une augmentation spon tanée de l'activité des TNT et RDX nitroréductases. Par contre aucune activité TNT ou RDX nitroréductase n'a été ob servée chez des mutants de M. morganii résistants au nitrofurazone. La présente étude permet de conclure que la nitroréductase de type I ret...

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Engineering and Development Support of General Decon Technology for the DARCOM Installation Restoration Program. Task 6. Adapted/Mutant Biological Treatment. Phase I. Literature Review.

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by a prospective consortium and its most effective isolate Serratia marcescens

Biotransformation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by a prospective consortium and its most effective isolate Serratia marcescens

Treatment of HMX and RDX contamination

Type I nitroreductases in soil enterobacteria reduce TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine)

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