Engineering and surface modification of carbon quantum dots for cancer bioimaging

Organotin(IV)‐Decorated Graphene Quantum Dots as Dual Platform for Molecular Imaging and Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

“…[46] The fluorescence emission of NGQD-FBA-Sn exhibited the excitation-dependent behavior related to different radiative recombination pathways typical for the GQDs: band-to-band transitions, size effect, and other nitrogen and oxygen functional groups play a role in this multicolour emission (Figure 4). [46,47,48] A shift in the maximum excitation/emission wavelengths and a decrease in the fluorescence intensity from pristine NGQDs to the final nanosystem was also observed (Figure 4 Table S3). Overall, the systems characterization techniques studied did not present significant differences between the systems NGQDs-FBa-Sn1 and NGQD-FBA-Sn2.…”

“…Firstly, a thorough study of the fluorescence emission at different wavelengths was carried out using three different lasers (405, 488 and 561 nm) and collecting the emission between 430-480 nm, 500-550 nm and 590-650 nm, respectively (Figure 5). The goal of these experiments was to demonstrate that the synthesized materials showed emission at several wavelengths and therefore maintained the unique optical properties of the dots, [38,46,48] which is a very useful phenomenon, for example, for the follow up during in vivo assays.…”

Metal-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: From design to implementation

“…CDs have a number of significant features, including low toxicity, considerable bio-compatibility and permeability, weak interactions with proteins, resistance to solubilization and photobleaching, ease of removal from the body, low cost, and immune system evasion, which are a solid basis for the role of CDs in diagnostics and imaging [ 131 ]. Due to their small particle size, photostability, bio-compatibility and non-flickering fluorescence and adjustable color, CDs have great potential for fluorescence bioimaging and multimodal bioimaging of cells and tissues, and in recent years, biomedical imaging has become one of the most promising and frequently used areas for CDs [ [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] ]. Jiang et al used neutral red and levofloxacin as precursors to synthesize a novel RNA-targeted red-launching carbon dot (M-CD), which could be rapidly internalized into cells within 5s and imaged in real time to visualize the dynamic processes of intracellular stress granules under oxidative stress.…”

A review on plant derived carbon quantum dots for bio-imaging

“…Functionalization in the surface of CQDs can be done through surface chemistry like covalent bonding, coordination, p-p interactions, and sol-gel technology. 7,11,48 Presence of oxygen rich species in CQDs enables them to form covalent bonding. Surface passivation via covalent bonding of amine-containing agents extensively improves the photoluminescence of CQDs.…”