Engineering Approaches for Addressing Opioid Use Disorder in the Community

Griffin, Paul M.

doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082719-040832

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Unlike compartment models, these models are intended to capture more localized features of an epidemic. An excellent review of how computational approaches are more generally being applied to understand and improve opioid use disorder can be found in Griffin 2020 [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the impact of placing an overdose prevention site in Philadelphia: a mathematical modeling approach

et al. 2021

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Background Fatal overdoses from opioid use and substance disorders are increasing at an alarming rate. One proposed harm reduction strategy for reducing overdose fatalities is to place overdose prevention sites—commonly known as safe injection facilities—in proximity of locations with the highest rates of overdose. As urban centers in the USA are tackling legal hurdles and community skepticism around the introduction and location of these sites, it becomes increasingly important to assess the magnitude of the effect that these services might have on public health. Methods We developed a mathematical model to describe the movement of people who used opioids to an overdose prevention site in order to understand the impact that the facility would have on overdoses, fatalities, and user education and treatment/recovery. The discrete-time, stochastic model is able to describe a range of user behaviors, including the effects from how far they need to travel to the site. We calibrated the model to overdose data from Philadelphia and ran simulations to describe the effect of placing a site in the Kensington neighborhood. Results In Philadelphia, which has a non-uniform racial population distribution, choice of site placement can determine which demographic groups are most helped. In our simulations, placement of the site in the Kensington neighborhood resulted in White opioid users being more likely to benefit from the site’s services. Overdoses that occur onsite can be reversed. Our results predict that for every 30 stations in the overdose prevention site, 6 per year of these would have resulted in fatalities if they had occurred outside of the overdose prevention site. Additionally, we estimate that fatalities will decrease further when referrals from the OPS to treatment are considered. Conclusions Mathematical modeling was used to predict the impact of placing an overdose prevention site in the Kensington neighborhood of Philadelphia. To fully understand the impact of site placement, both direct and indirect effects must be included in the analysis. Introducing more than one site and distributing sites equally across neighborhoods with different racial and demographic characteristics would have the broadest public health impact. Cities and locales can use mathematical modeling to help quantify the predicted impact of placing an overdose prevention site in a particular location.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the impact of placing an overdose prevention site in Philadelphia: a mathematical modeling approach

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, we believe that the public data sharing website provides another way to support local efforts to understand and address OUD stigma. The timely sharing of local public health data, incorporating clinical, community and individual monitoring data, supports coordinated and effective public health responses, and helps track OUD risk, identification, treatment and recovery (Edelstein et al, 2018; Griffin, 2020). Changing OUD stigma requires coordinated advocacy, proactive education, investment from community members and stakeholders and support from local stakeholders such as law enforcement and local government (Childs et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life unites us: A novel approach to addressing opioid use disorder stigma

Bonnevie¹,

Kaynak

Whipple

et al. 2022

Health Education Journal

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Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a critical health issue in the USA. Pennsylvania has the third highest number of drug overdose deaths per year, with the COVID-19 pandemic worsening these trends. Stigmatising beliefs towards OUD are associated with negative health outcomes, and there is a need for a larger evidence base on OUD stigma reduction strategies. This study reports on the creation and implementation of Life Unites Us, a digital media campaign which uses a collective impact framework to address OUD stigma reduction across Pennsylvania. Method: Life Unites Us consists of various components, including a general public media campaign which uses education and contact-based strategies; engagement with stakeholders and advocates in community-based organisations across the state; and a data sharing website to inform the public of previously unavailable OUD stigma statistics. Each campaign component contributes to the overall collective impact framework. Results: Digital metrics showed 755 followers across the Life Unites Us social media pages, and 2,826 total website users with an average of 565 users per month. The campaign has partnered with 60 community based organisations, 921 individuals receive the monthly email and 11 influencers have posted 23 times and achieved over 13,000 engagements and a reach of 661,000. The campaign hosted 5 webinars with 520 attendees and an overall 64.1% attendance rate. Conclusion: This study fills a gap in the need for evidence-based digital interventions to address OUD-related stigma. The positive process metrics from the first 6 months suggest that this model may be an important addition to research on approaches to reduce OUD stigma.

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“…Furthermore, dispensing and overdose rates differ in counties within Alabama [ 1 ], with only 210 substance use disorder treatment facilities [ 4 ], 95 prescribers authorized to provide buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) [ 5 ], and 104 naloxone access points across the state [ 6 ]. Limited resources and healthcare personnel necessitate a grass-roots approach and make collaborative efforts between influential community members, including community leaders and non-healthcare professionals, critical in mitigating opioid misuse and overdose mortality [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A state-wide education program on opioid use disorder: influential community members’ knowledge, beliefs, and opportunities for coalition development

et al. 2022

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Background Deep South states, particularly Alabama, experience disproportionately higher opioid prescribing rates versus national rates. Considering limited opioid use disorder (OUD) providers in this region, collaborative efforts between non-healthcare professionals is critical in mitigating overdose mortality. The Alabama Opioid Training Institute (OTI) was created in 2019 to empower community members to take action in combatting OUD in local regions. The OTI included: 1) eight full-day in-person conferences; and 2) an interactive mobile-enabled website (https://alabamaoti.org). This study assessed the impact of the OTI on influential community members’ knowledge, abilities, concerns, readiness, and intended actions regarding OUD and opioid overdose mitigation. Methods A one-group prospective cohort design was utilized. Alabama community leaders were purposively recruited via email, billboards, television, and social media advertisements. Outcome measures were assessed via online survey at baseline and post-conference, including: OUD knowledge (percent correct); abilities, concerns, and readiness regarding overdose management (7-point Likert-type scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree); and actions/intended actions over the past/next 6 months (8-item index from 0 to 100% of the time). Conference satisfaction was also assessed. Changes were analyzed using McNemar or Marginal Homogeneity tests for categorical variables and two-sided paired t-tests for continuous variables (alpha = 0.05). Results Overall, 413 influential community members participated, most of whom were social workers (25.7%), female (86.4%), and White (65.7%). Community members’ OUD knowledge increased from mean [SD] 71.00% [13.32] pre-conference to 83.75% [9.91] post-conference (p < 0.001). Compared to pre-conference, mean [SD] ability scale scores increased (3.72 [1.55] to 5.15 [1.11], p < 0.001) and concerns decreased (3.19 [1.30] to 2.64 [1.17], p < 0.001) post-conference. Readiness was unchanged post-conference. Attendees’ intended OUD-mitigating actions in the next 6 months exceeded their self-reported actions in the past 6 months, and 92% recommended the OTI to others. Conclusions The Alabama OTI improved community leaders’ knowledge, abilities, and concerns regarding OUD management. Similar programs combining live education and interactive web-based platforms can be replicated in other states.

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Engineering Approaches for Addressing Opioid Use Disorder in the Community

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Predicting the impact of placing an overdose prevention site in Philadelphia: a mathematical modeling approach

Predicting the impact of placing an overdose prevention site in Philadelphia: a mathematical modeling approach

Life unites us: A novel approach to addressing opioid use disorder stigma

A state-wide education program on opioid use disorder: influential community members’ knowledge, beliefs, and opportunities for coalition development

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