Engineering of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles

Kim, Sung-Man; Kim, Han‐Soo

doi:10.21037/sci.2017.08.07

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Also, the GBM‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) might significantly alter the intracellular signaling and cytokine profile of normal human astrocytes to push them towards a tumor supporting behavior (Oushy et al, ). EVs are membrane‐enclosed nanospheres secreted by all cell types (Kim & Kim, ) that are essential players in intercellular communication as they carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells (Yanez‐Mo et al, ). It appears that the exposure of normal astrocytes to GBM EVs generates a growth‐stimulant medium loaded with growth factors (VEGF, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), human growth factor (HGF), and EGF), chemokines, and interleukins.…”

Section: Role Of Astrocytes During Glioblastoma Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment

Brandao

Simon

Critchley

et al. 2018

Glia

141

117

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Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary tumor, causing thousands of deaths worldwide every year. The mean survival of patients with GBM remains below 20 months despite current available therapies. GBM cells' interactions with their stromal counterparts are crucial for tumor development. Astrocytes are glial cells that comprise~50% of all brain cells and are therefore likely to establish direct contact with GBM cells. As other tumor cell types can hijack fibroblasts or immune cells to facilitate tumor growth, GBM cells can actually activate astrocytes, namely, the tumor associated astrocytes (TAAs), to promote GBM invasion in the healthy tissue. TAAs have thus been shown to be involved in GBM cells growth and limited response to radiation or chemotherapy (i.e., Temozolomide). Nevertheless, even though the interest in the cancer research community is increasing, the role of TAAs during GBM development is still overlooked.Yet, obtaining an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which TAAs influence GBM progression might lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. This article therefore reports the different levels of GBM progression at which TAAs have been recently described to be involved in, including tumor cells' proliferation/invasion and resistance to therapies, especially through the activity of extracellular vesicles. K E Y W O R D S brain, glioblastoma, stromal cells, tumor associated astrocytes, tumor microenvironment

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Section: Role Of Astrocytes During Glioblastoma Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment

Brandao

Simon

Critchley

et al. 2018

Glia

141

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Tetraspanin‐mediated fine tuning of exosomes plays a vital role in transfer of exosomal messages to other cell. For example, CD9‐ and/or CD81‐deficient eggs cannot fuse with sperms and several viruses and parasites essentially depend on distinct tetraspanins for cell entry and spread which may involve exosomal message transfer . Tetraspanin 8‐associated α 4 integrin complex promotes angiogenesis by promoting exosomal uptake by endothelial cells, suggesting that exosomal tetraspanin‐complexes can play a key role in target selection .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal tetraspanins as regulators of cancer progression and metastasis and novel diagnostic markers

Malla

Pandrangi

Kumari

et al. 2018

Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology

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Exosomes are cell-cell communicators emerging as a new paradigm for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis of treatment response. Exosomal tetraspanin proteins like CD63, CD9 and CD81 play a critical role in sorting, selective recruitment of biomolecules, target selection, cell-specific entry, capturing, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These tetraspanins are being used as markers for oral, colorectal and colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, exosomal markers with robust specificity for early detection of carcinomas are the furthest along. EXO CARTA database shows the presence of CD151 in exosomes of colorectal, melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancers. CD151 preferentially targets exosomes to lung, lymph node and stroma cells. The present review discussed the possible role of tetraspanins in the formation, cargo selection, target selection and uptake of exosomes and suggests exciting new directions for future research.

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“…Extracellular vesicles have biophysical properties, such as stability, biocompatibility, permeability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity, which are key to successful drug delivery systems [70]. They have an enhanced circulation stability and bio-barrier permeation ability, and they can therefore be used as effective chemotherapeutics carriers to improve the regulation of target tissues and organs [71].…”

Section: Exosomes As Drug Carriers For Prostate Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy

Lorenc

Klimczyk

Michalczewska

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the developed world. Conventional anti-PCa therapies are not effective for patients with advanced and/or metastatic disease. In most cases, cancer therapies fail due to an incomplete depletion of tumor cells, resulting in tumor relapse. Exosomes are involved in tumor progression, promoting the angiogenesis and migration of tumor cells during metastasis. These structures contribute to the dissemination of pathogenic agents through interaction with recipient cells. Exosomes may deliver molecules that are able to induce the transdifferentiation process, known as "epithelial to mesenchymal transition". The composition of exosomes and the associated possibilities of interacting with cells make exosomes multifaceted regulators of cancer development. Extracellular vesicles have biophysical properties, such as stability, biocompatibility, permeability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity, which are key for the successful development of an innovative drug delivery system. They have an enhanced circulation stability and bio-barrier permeation ability, and they can therefore be used as effective chemotherapeutic carriers to improve the regulation of target tissues and organs. Exosomes have the capacity to deliver different types of cargo and to target specific cells. Chemotherapeutics, natural products and RNA have been encapsulated for the treatment of prostate cancers.

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Engineering of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles

Cited by 55 publications

References 109 publications

Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment

Astrocytes, the rising stars of the glioblastoma microenvironment

Exosomal tetraspanins as regulators of cancer progression and metastasis and novel diagnostic markers

Exosomes in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy

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