Enhanced Adaptive Frequency Hopping for Wireless Personal Area Networks in a Coexistence Environment

Abstract

In this paper, we present an enhanced adaptive frequency hopping (EAFH) mechanism for improving the performance of frequency hopping-based wireless personal area networks (WPANs) under frequency-static and frequency-dynamic interference. The proposed mechanism monitors the overall packet error rate (PER) of the system to determine the right number of channels to be excluded from the hopset. Then based on the PER of individual channel, it decides whether to exclude a certain channel or not. Finally, proper packet length is associated with those channels remaining in the hopset. These decisions, which pertain to hopset size and packet length, are made so as to optimize the performance of the hopping system in a coexistence environment. We developed an analytical model to justify the behavior and performance of the proposed mechanism. Simulations are conducted under an environment of some collocated Bluetooth (BT) piconets and a Wi-Fi network to validate the developed model and show the superiority of EAFH. Simulation results show that, compared with those existing mechanisms including orthogonal hopset-based mechanisms, EAFH could provide much higher throughput while still maintaining reasonably good channel occupancy.

Spectrum sharing methods for the coexistence of multiple RF systems: A survey

“…The first step in AFH is to define and evaluate the quality of hopping sequences. Packet error rate is widely used as the channel quality metric [51][52] [5]. The second step is that coexisting networks choose their hopping set in a distributed manner such that both interferences from external networks and mutual interference are minimized.…”

“…Furthermore, it is almost impossible to allocate more spectrum resources to specific wireless networks due to regulatory constraints. Hence, the spectrum scarcity problem becomes more pronounced in more and more RF systems, e.g., cellular networks [1], vehicular communication networks [2], wireless local area networks (WLANs) [3], radar systems [4] and wireless personal area networks (WPANs) [5]. However, it has been observed that the usage efficiency of large quantities of current spectrum resources is rather low due to fixed spectrum allocation policies.…”

An Adaptive Channel Hopping Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network with Mesh Structure

“…By now, several works has been proposed that studied the adaptive channel hopping issue [8,9,10], but most of them focuses on the channel selecting method. In our previous work, we present an adaptive channel hopping mechanism that is used for industrial WSN with star-like topology.…”

“…Different channel selecting methods were proposed in [9] and [10], but they all aimed at those wireless networks where the stations had plenty of computational resource, so they are unsuitable for wireless sensor network.…”

A dynamic interference-avoidance algorithm for Frequency Hopping systems

“…Another approach for avoiding both FD and FS interference, called Enhanced Adaptive Frequency Hopping (EAFH), was presented in [7]. FD interference is mitigated by moving the channels between three channel groups (one-slot, multi-slot and excluded channels) based on how i PER relates to the mean PER value ( PER ).…”