Enhanced Charge Efficiency in Capacitive Deionization Achieved by Surface-Treated Electrodes and by Means of a Third Electrode

Effect of electrode thickness variation on operation of capacitive deionization

“…One approach to describe CDI-performance stresses the importance that each electrode's potential is positioned appropriately relative to a reference potential or within a voltage window, to have optimized ion adsorption [7,26,27]. Based on this conceptual approach, it has also been argued that placing reference electrodes in the flow system can improve the salt adsorption capacity of the CDI-cell [26].…”

“…One approach to describe CDI-performance stresses the importance that each electrode's potential is positioned appropriately relative to a reference potential or within a voltage window, to have optimized ion adsorption [7,26,27]. Based on this conceptual approach, it has also been argued that placing reference electrodes in the flow system can improve the salt adsorption capacity of the CDI-cell [26]. In another approach, reference potentials or voltage windows are not considered, but the focus is on how much charge is transferred from one electrode to the other, and how this impacts ion concentrations inside the porous electrodes and the resulting local voltage drops across the EDL.…”

Electrochemical desalination of nacl solutions by electrosorption on nano-porous carbon aerogel electrodes

“…Batch electrodeionization processes such as capacitive deionization (CDI) or otherwise called electrosorption (Cohen et al, 2011;Demirer et al,2013;Jung et al, 2007; and membrane capacitive deionization (Biesheuvel & van der Val, 2010;Lee et al, 2011) are collection / discharge processes which rely on the formation of double-layer supercapacitorat the solution/electrode interface. When an electric field is applied between two electrodes, ions in the solution are forced to move towards to the opposite charged electrodes, resulting in purification of the treated solution.…”

“…Therefore, these electrodes have proved to be unique materials for electrochemical removal of salt from brackish or seawater (Cohen et al, 2011;Gabelich et al, 2002;Jung et al, 2007). Furthermore, these electrodes have been tested for removal of other charged contaminants from industrial wastewater, such as heavy metal ions (Rana et al, 2004;Yiacoumi et al, 2000) and ionic or ionizable organics (Wu et al, 2008).…”

Desalination with porous electrodes : Mechanisms of ion transport and adsorption

“…1.11. Recent scientific developments are on electrode materials [11,33,51,[88][89][90][91][92][93], novel cell designs, ranging from desalination with wires [80] to flow electrodes [5,72,73], or on new operational modes or ion-selective removal [28,47,[94][95][96]. Also, studies are conducted to quantify resistances and energy losses in the CDI cell [4,97,98], or to identify parasitic reactions that may result in pH changes [8,[99][100][101].…”