Enhanced electromigration and electro-osmosis for the remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with multiple heavy metals

Cameselle, Claudio; Pena, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2016.09.002

Cited by 99 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Different acids can be used to extract heavy metals from the soil: sulfuric, ethylene diamine tetraacetic (EDTA), acetic, and citric acid. Cameselle and Pena [86] demonstrated that the use of citric acid efficiently removes cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc, since it favors the acidification of soil, solubilization of metals, their transportation by electro-osmosis, and their electromigration towards the cathode. The efficiency of citric acid is also relevant in the removal of arsenic [90].…”

Section: Electrochemical Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Metal/Metalloid-Polluted Soils: A Short Review

2021

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The contamination of soil by heavy metals and metalloids is a worldwide problem due to the accumulation of these compounds in the environment, endangering human health, plants, and animals. Heavy metals and metalloids are normally present in nature, but the rise of industrialization has led to concentrations higher than the admissible ones. They are non-biodegradable and toxic, even at very low concentrations. Residues accumulate in living beings and become dangerous every time they are assimilated and stored faster than they are metabolized. Thus, the potentially harmful effects are due to persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation in the organisms, and toxicity. The severity of the effect depends on the type of heavy metal or metalloid. Indeed, some heavy metals (e.g., Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) at very low concentrations are essential for living organisms, while others (e.g., Cd, Pb, and Hg) are nonessential and are toxic even in trace amounts. It is important to monitor the concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in the environment and adopt methods to remove them. For this purpose, various techniques have been developed over the years: physical remediation (e.g., washing, thermal desorption, solidification), chemical remediation (e.g., adsorption, catalysis, precipitation/solubilization, electrokinetic methods), biological remediation (e.g., biodegradation, phytoremediation, bioventing), and combined remediation (e.g., electrokinetic–microbial remediation; washing–microbial degradation). Some of these are well known and used on a large scale, while others are still at the research level. The main evaluation factors for the choice are contaminated site geology, contamination characteristics, cost, feasibility, and sustainability of the applied process, as well as the technology readiness level. This review aims to give a picture of the main techniques of heavy metal removal, also giving elements to assess their potential hazardousness due to their concentrations.

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Section: Electrochemical Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of Metal/Metalloid-Polluted Soils: A Short Review

2021

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“…EDTA delivered in the cathode chamber electromigrated into the soil specimen dissolving Pb and Zn from soil, forming negatively charged complexes that were completely removed into the anodic solution. Cameselle and Pena [36] studied the removal of Zn form an agricultural contaminated soil using citric acid as the facilitating agent. The predominant species in the system, Zn citrate (L, ligand citrate), was the negative complex ZnL − at pH > 6; the neutral complex ZnHL at pH 3.5, and the positive complex ZnH 2 L + at pH 3.…”

Section: Enhanced Remediation With Facilitating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pH of the mixture defined the possible complexes formed between the Mn 2+ ions and the organic acid. In the pH range used in these tests, the formation of anionic complexes is not favored, the most probable complex species are neutral or cationic [33,36]. Thus, it was expected that the Mn would be transported towards the cathode by electromigration (for cationic species) and electroosmosis (for neutral species).…”

Section: Enhanced Remediation With Facilitating Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Optimization of Mn Removal from Contaminated Solid Matrixes by Electrokinetic Remediation

Cameselle

Gouveia

Cabo

2020

IJERPH

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Electrokinetic remediation is a useful technique for the removal of ionic contaminants in soils, sediments, sludges, and other solid porous matrixes. The efficiency of metal removal and the electricity consumption in the electrokinetic treatment of soils largely depend on electric and physicochemical conditions. This study analyzes the electrokinetic treatment of Mn contaminated kaolinite clay specimen and the influence of voltage, current intensity, moisture content, pH, and facilitating agents on metal removal and energy consumption. The objective of this study is to identify the influence of the typical variables used in electrokinetic remediation. The results showed that the operation at constant voltage or constant current intensity were equivalent in terms of metal removal and energy consumption, as long as the electric field intensity was kept low to minimize the consumption in parallel electrochemical reactions, especially the electrolysis of water. The moisture content had a significant influence on the Mn removal. Moisture content higher that 50 percent resulted in very effective Mn removal as compared with kaolinite specimens with lower moisture. The control of pH in the electrolyte solutions and the addition of facilitating agents (organic acids) enhanced the removal of Mn but increased the electric energy cost. Overall, the best conditions for Mn removal involved low to moderate electric potential difference (10 to 30 V), the use of citric acid as the facilitating agent, and the pH control in the cathode at a slightly acid pH. The electrokinetic treatment of a sludge from a water treatment plant contaminated with Mn was effective when pH control on the cathode was used. Mn and various metals (66% of Mn, 30% of Cu, 56% of Zn, 21% Sr, and 21% of Fe) were removed with moderate electricity and acid consumption.

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“…Several techniques such as soil washing, bio-leaching, and phyto-remediation were proposed to mitigate the heavy metal contaminated sediments (Ahn, Kim, Woo, & Park, 2008;Pathak, Dastidar, & Sreekrishnan, 2009;Sabir et al, 2015;Yin, Giannis, Wong, & Wang, 2014). However, these techniques are not suitable for large-scale remediation and often fail when soil poses low permeability and high buffering capacity (Cameselle & Pena, 2016;Kim, Park, et al, 2012;Li, Yu, & Neretnieks, 1996;Masi, Iannelli, & Losito, 2016). Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is one of the recently developed techniques, which can overcome the above limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation (EKR) for heavy metal‐contaminated sediments focusing on treatment of generated effluents from EKR and recovery of EDTA

Ayyanar

Thatikonda

2020

Water Environment Research

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Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) is one of the most successful remediation techniques to treat the sediments contaminated with heavy metals. EDTA is the most widely used enhancing agent to improve the transport process in EKR. But often the generated effluents from EKR contains a high concentration of heavy metals, which cannot be disposed of without treatment. The major objective of this study includes the estimation of optimal concentration of chelating agent EDTA, followed by treatment of contaminated sediments by EKR technique for heavy metal removal. The effluents generated from EKR were further studied for recovery and reuse of EDTA and for safe discharge of heavy metals. The optimum concentration of EDTA was found as 0.05 M with a solid-to-liquid ratio as 1:10. When fresh EDTA was used as enhancing agent the average removal of heavy metals obtained as 74.8% with EKR, whereas the application of recovered EDTA in treatment process in first, second, and third cycle showed the slight reduction of heavy metals of about 71.1%, 63.5%, and 52.1%, respectively. The heavy metal removal by recovered EDTA was effective in reduction of heavy metals up to three cycles of re-use while reducing the ecological risk in sediments. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Treatment of contaminated sediments with heavy metals achieved by electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technique enhanced with EDTA. • The recovery of EDTA and heavy metal reduction from the generated effluents during EKR treatment were performed by the addition of FeCl 3 and Na 2 PO 4, and optimized concentration was evaluated. • This study found that the use of recovered EDTA in EKR treatment has effectively reduced the risk associated with heavy metals.

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Enhanced electromigration and electro-osmosis for the remediation of an agricultural soil contaminated with multiple heavy metals

Cited by 99 publications

References 19 publications

Remediation of Metal/Metalloid-Polluted Soils: A Short Review

Remediation of Metal/Metalloid-Polluted Soils: A Short Review

Analysis and Optimization of Mn Removal from Contaminated Solid Matrixes by Electrokinetic Remediation

Enhanced electrokinetic remediation (EKR) for heavy metal‐contaminated sediments focusing on treatment of generated effluents from EKR and recovery of EDTA

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