Enhanced external counterpulsation is an effective treatment for Syndrome X

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ― Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Prognosis, Diagnosis, Risk Factors and Therapy ―

“…122 It has been shown to improve angina in a small case series. 123 Cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to reduce symptoms severity and frequency. 124 Cardiac rehabilitation involves multiple sessions of cardiovascular exercise, psychological counseling and nutritional planning and can be helpful as it improves blood pressure, body mass index and exercise capacity.…”

The Role of Enhanced External Counter Pulsation Therapy in Clinical Practice

“…EECP has been tried in treatment of restless leg syndrome, 30 erectile dysfunction, 31 hepatorenal syndrome, 32 Syndrome X, 33 and retinal artery occlusion, 34 although it is not FDAapproved for management of these conditions. EECP has been shown to improve transdermal oxygen concentration and concentration of moving red blood cells and significantly reduced transdermal carbon dioxide pressure and velocity of blood cells in healthy subjects probably due to peripheral vasodilatation.…”

Short-term effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on transthoracic coronary flow velocity and reserve in patients with coronary slow flow

“…There are no definite treatment modalities for patients with CSF to date, and conventional antianginal therapy is of limited value in the chronic management of these patients. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) has become one of the most effective noninvasive treatment methods for patients with refractory angina [1], and has been considered a new modality in management of cardiac syndrome X [2,3], whether it is effective for treating CSF remains unclear. This is a prospective study to investigate the effects of EECP on coronary flow velocity (CFV) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) in patients with CSF.…”