Airway inflammation frequently found in congenital and mice efficiently transfected primarily the lungs and to a acquired lung diseases may interfere with gene delivery by lesser extent, heart, spleen, kidney and liver. The other direct administration through either instillation or aerosol.vectors mediated lower to undetectable levels of luciferase Systemic delivery by the intravenous administration repexpression in the lungs, with DOTAP Ͼ GL67/DOPE Ͼ PEI resents an alternative route of delivery that might bypass 25K Ͼ DOTMA/DOPE. A double injection protocol with a this barrier. A nonviral approach for transfecting various 15-min interval between the two doses of DOTAP/DNA airway-derived cell lines in vitro showed that cationic polycomplexes was investigated and showed a relevant role of mers (PEI 22K and 25K) and lipids (DOTAP, GL-67/DOPE) the first injection in transfecting the lungs. A two log are able to transfect with high efficiency the reporter genes increase in luciferase expression was obtained either when firefly luciferase and E. coli lacZ. Notably, two properties the two doses were comprised of luciferase plasmid or predicted that cationic vectors would be useful for a syswhen an irrelevant plasmid was used in the first injection. temic gene delivery approach to the lung: (1) transfectionThe double injection of luciferase/PEI 22K complexes was not inhibited or increased when cells were incubated determined higher transgene levels than a single dose, but with cationic lipids or polymers in the presence of serum; a clear difference using an irrelevant plasmid as first dose and (2) cationic vectors protected plasmid DNA from was not observed. Using lacZ as a reporter gene, it was DNase degradation. A single injection of DNA complexed shown that only cells in the alveolar region, including type II to the cationic polymer PEI 22K into the tail vein of adult penumocytes, stained positively for the transgene product.