Enhanced Interfacial Solar Evaporation through Formation of Micro‐Meniscuses and Microdroplets to Reduce Evaporation Enthalpy

Abstract

Interfacial solar water evaporation, a promising way to address water shortages and water pollution, has attracted increasing attention. However, low evaporation rates limit its practical applications. Reducing evaporation enthalpy is one of the most efficient ways to improve the evaporation rate. In this study, micro-meniscuses and microdroplets (MMDs) are found and observed on the surface of the polypyrrole nanoarrays on hydrophilic carbon cloth. The MMDs can reduce the evaporation enthalpy of the system, thus resulting in a high evaporation rate of 2.16 kg m −2 h −1 in pure water under 1 sun. Dynamic calculations imply that the evaporation rate of MMDs is approximately at least 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of a flat liquid film, respectively. Under 1 sun, the evaporators with MMDs enable stable evaporation in continuous 72 h in 10.0 wt% NaCl solution, simulated seawater, and actual wastewater, with an evaporation rate of 1.86, 1.99, and 1.82 kg m −2 h −1 , respectively. As far as it is known, these evaporation rates are the highest reported values for the 2D interfacial solar evaporator in high-salinity brine or wastewater. It is believed that this work provided a novel pathway for designing an evaporator with low evaporation enthalpy and high evaporation performance.

Towards highly salt-rejecting solar interfacial evaporation: Photothermal materials selection, structural designs, and energy management

“…Yu et al [62] prepared the hydrophilic carbon cloth (CC) with polypyrrole (PPy) nanoarrays (CC-PPy array) for solardriven evaporation (Fig. 4(b)).…”

Recent advances in structural regulation and optimization of high-performance solar-driven interfacial evaporation systems

“…With the synergistic effect of the increased surface area and the hydrophilicity of the TiO 2 nanorods, the evaporator obtained an evaporation rate of 2.23 kg m −2 h −1 under one sun. Yu et al 221 used p -toluene sulfonate acid as a template to deposit PPy nanoarrays on carbon cloth, effectively reducing the reflection loss of light (Fig. 9e).…”

Advanced solar desalination on superwetting surfaces

“…42–44 Recently, Cheng et al reported that the micro-meniscuses and microdroplets appeared on the hydrophilic carbon cloth (CC)/PPy array could reduce water evaporation enthalpy of the system, resulting in a high evaporation rate of 2.16 kg m −2 h −1 under 1-Sun. 45…”