Enhanced Mulberroside A Production from Cell Suspension and Root Cultures of Morus alba Using Elicitation

Abstract

Morus alba L. has been used in Asian traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic and as a whitening agent in cosmetic products. Mulberroside A is the major active compound from M. alba root bark. In this study, cell suspension and root cultures of M. alba were established, and the effect of the elicitors on the enhancement of mulberroside A production in M. alba was investigated. The cell suspension and root cultures of M. alba were exposed to elicitors and then mulberroside A contents were determined by an indirect competitive ELISA method. High levels of mulberroside A were obtained by addition of 100 and 200 µM salicylic acid with 24 h exposure time in cell suspension cultures (37.9 ± 1.5 and 34.0 ± 4.7 mg/g dry wt., respectively). Furthermore, addition of yeast extract at 2 mg/mL with 24 h exposure time can significantly increase mulberroside A contents from both cell suspension (3.2-fold) and root cultures (6.6-fold). Mulberroside A contents from both cell suspension and root cultures after treatment with elicitors are similar or higher than those found in the intact root and root bark of several years old M. alba. These results indicate that mulberry tissue cultures using the elicitation method are interesting alternative sources for mulberroside A production.

Improvement of stilbene production by mulberry Morus alba root culture via precursor feeding and co-elicitation

“…The MA root cultures were obtained by cutting the roots of in vitro MA plantlets. The roots were cultured and maintained in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), known as MS-NAA medium [12]. The cultures were shaken at 80 rpm under a 16-h photoperiod at 25 ± 2 °C.…”

“…showed the best response to single elicitor treatment. The samples were dried and analyzed for stilbene content [12].…”

“…According to a previous study, individual treatment of YS (2 mg/mL) and MJ (200 µM) significantly enhanced MuA production in MA root cultures after 24 h exposure, and the effects were higher than those observed in the roots treated with chitosan or salicylic acid [12]. Therefore, these two elicitors and the exposure period were selected to investigate the effect of co-elicitation on stilbene accumulation.…”

Influence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Gibberellic Acid on Phenylpropanoid Accumulation in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts

“…Synthetic auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid) and natural auxins (indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) increased the production of anthocyanins in hairy root cultures of tartary buckwheat cultivar Hokkai T10 [ 34 ]. Similarly, the addition of salicylate markedly promoted mulberroside A production in cell suspension and root cultures of Morus alba [ 35 ] and enhanced the accumulation of alkaloids in hairy roots of Brugmansia candida [ 36 ]. Furthermore, sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) roots, after treatment of jasmonates, exhibited increased accumulation of sorgoleone [ 37 ].…”

Plant In Vitro Systems as a Sustainable Source of Active Ingredients for Cosmeceutical Application

“…Plant in vitro systems are frequently used to obtain extracts enriched in specific targeted molecules obtained during their cultivation in submerged conditions. For example phytoene (with UVB protection properties) [24], resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and milberoside A (possessing tyrosinase inhibitory and whitening effect) [10,25,26], verbascoside (with anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties) [27] and arbutin (with tyrosinase inhibition and whitening activity) were produced using plant in vitro systems [28].…”