Enhanced Neurocognitive Functioning and Positive Temperament in Twins Discordant for Bipolar Disorder

Higier, Rachel G.; Jimenez, Amy M.; Hultman, Christina M.; Borg, Jacqueline; Román, Cristina A F; Kizling, Isabelle; Larsson, Henrik; Cannon, Tyrone D.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13121683

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Mental health conditions that occur among first-degree family members of asymptomatic entrepreneurs may be associated with (or confer) propensities, characteristics, and subthreshold features that are adaptive and advantageous to the asymptomatic entrepreneurs themselves without causing disabilities. This would be parallel to the finding that symptomatic bipolar relatives of symptomatic bipolar probands are also high achievers (Coryell et al 1989;MacCabe et al 2010;Verdoux and Bourgeois 1995) and have personality traits that may be advantageous for entrepreneurship (Higier et al 2014). The cognitive, affective, and behavioral propensities associated with these conditions may foster the pursuit of entrepreneurship under the right environmental circumstances.…”

Section: Family History Of Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, previous research has shown that first-and second-degree family members of bipolar probands are high achievers across several domains that are important for entrepreneurship (Higier et al 2014). For example, as compared to bipolar probands and normal controls, the unaffected identical twins of people with bipolar disorder demonstrate superior cognitive and interpersonal traits that seem important for entrepreneurship, including enhanced social ease, confidence, assertiveness, intelligence, verbal learning, verbal fluency, extraversion, sociability, optimism, and resilience.…”

Section: Hypothesis 3(h3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

et al. 2018

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Psychiatric conditions and sub-threshold psychiatric temperaments may influence entrepreneurs' affect, cognition, energy, motivation, circadian rhythms, activity levels, self-concept, creativity, and interpersonal behaviors in ways that influence business outcomes. We used a self-report survey to examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of five psychiatric conditions among 242 entrepreneurs and 93 comparison participants. Mental health differences directly or indirectly affected 72% of the entrepreneurs in this sample, including those with a personal mental health history (49%) and family mental health history among the asymptomatic entrepreneurs (23%). Entrepreneurs reported experiencing more depression (30%), ADHD (29%), substance use (12%), and bipolar disorder (11%) than comparison participants. Furthermore, 32% of the entrepreneurs reported having two or more mental health conditions, while 18% reported having three or more mental health conditions. Asymptomatic entrepreneurs (having no mental health issues) with asymptomatic families constituted only 24% of the entrepreneur participants. Entrepreneurs' psychiatric issues can affect their functioning and that of their ventures. Therefore, integrating knowledge about psychiatric conditions with research on personality traits can broaden the understanding of how mental healthrelated traits, states, and family history can influence entrepreneurial outcomes. We discuss methodological limitations as well as implications of our findings for entrepreneurship research and practice.

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Section: Family History Of Mental Health Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Hypothesis 3(h3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

et al. 2018

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“…Previous investigations of temperament and personality domains in bipolar spectrum disorders have revealed associations with clinical course, relapse rate, suicide attempt, neurocognitive functioning, attachment, resilience, and response to antidepressants (Cassano et al, 1989; Harnic et al, 2014; Higier et al, 2014; Kesebir et al, 2015; Koukopoulos et al, 1983; Perugi et al, 2012; Rihmer et al, 2010; Sarisoy et al, 2012). Quantitative measurements of temperament and personality have also proved useful for gene identification in BD (Alliey-Rodriguez et al, 2011; Greenwood et al, 2013a; Greenwood et al, 2013b; Savitz et al, 2008c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor analysis of temperament and personality traits in bipolar patients: Correlates with comorbidity and disorder severity

Qiu

Akiskal

Kelsoe

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Background Temperament and personality traits have been suggested as endophenotypes for bipolar disorder based on several lines of evidence, including heritability. Previous work suggested an anxious-reactive factor identified across temperament and personality inventories that produced significant group discrimination and could potentially be useful in genetic analyses. We have attempted to further characterize this factor structure in a sample of bipolar patients. Methods A sample of 1195 subjects with bipolar I disorder was evaluated, all with complete data available. Dimension reduction across two inventories identified 18 factors explaining 39% of the variance. Results The two largest factors reflected affective instability and general anxiety/worry, respectively. Subsequent analyses of the clinical features associated with bipolar disorder revealed specificity for the factors in a predictable pattern. Cluster analysis of the factors identified a subgroup defined by a strong lack of general anxiety and low affective instability represented by the first two factors. The remaining subjects could be distinguished into two clusters by the presence of either more positive characteristics, including persistence/drive, spirituality, expressivity, and humor, or more negative characteristics of depression and anxiety. Limitations These analyses involved bipolar I subjects only and must be extended to other bipolar spectrum diagnoses, unaffected relatives, and individuals at risk. Conclusions These results suggest that temperament and personality measures access latent traits associated with important clinical features of bipolar disorder. By translating clinical variables into quantitative traits, we may identify subgroups of bipolar patients with distinct clinical profiles, thereby facilitating both individual treatment strategies and genetic analyses.

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“…Interestingly, perceptual creativity was found to span these clusters. Another study examining individuals with bipolar disorder and their healthy co-twins found increased sharing of positive traits related to temperament, schizotypy, impulsivity, and sensation seeking that were further correlated with increased verbal learning and fluency in the co-twins [80]. These studies highlight the need to examine multiple dimensions of personality, mood, and cognition to fully understand concepts relating to positive traits within the context of creativity and illness.…”

Section: Positive Traits In the Space Between Madness And Geniusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creative controls and unaffected relatives would presumably fall in the center of the curve with higher positive trait values conferred by mild-to-moderate risk for illness. The inclusion of twins discordant for bipolar disorder would be useful for disentangling genetic and environmental effects [80]. …”

Section: Optimizing Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius

Greenwood¹

2016

Complex Psychiatry

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Bipolar disorder is a severe, lifelong mood disorder for which little is currently understood of the genetic mechanisms underlying risk. By examining related dimensional phenotypes, we may further our understanding of the disorder. Creativity has a historical connection with the bipolar spectrum and is particularly enhanced among unaffected first-degree relatives and those with bipolar spectrum traits. This suggests that some aspects of the bipolar spectrum may confer advantages, while more severe expressions of symptoms negatively influence creative accomplishment. Creativity is a complex, multidimensional construct with both cognitive and affective components, many of which appear to reflect a shared genetic vulnerability with bipolar disorder. It is suggested that a subset of bipolar risk variants confer advantages as positive traits according to an inverted-U-shaped curve with clinically unaffected allele carriers benefitting from the positive traits and serving to maintain the risk alleles in the population. The association of risk genes with creativity in healthy individuals (e.g., NRG1), as well as an overall sharing of common genetic variation between bipolar patients and creative individuals, provides support for this model. Current findings are summarized from a multidisciplinary perspective to demonstrate the feasibility of research in this area to reveal the mechanisms underlying illness.

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Enhanced Neurocognitive Functioning and Positive Temperament in Twins Discordant for Bipolar Disorder

Cited by 30 publications

References 49 publications

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

The prevalence and co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions among entrepreneurs and their families

Factor analysis of temperament and personality traits in bipolar patients: Correlates with comorbidity and disorder severity

Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius

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