Enhanced norepinephrine release in prefrontal cortex with burst stimulation of the locus coeruleus

Florin-Lechner, Sandra M.; Druhan, Jonathan P.; Aston‐Jones, Gary; Valentino, Rita J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00967-5

Cited by 200 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In these conditions, our electrophysiological analyses revealed a general decrease in LC activity in CCI-CMS compared with their corresponding controls, and as witnessed by a decrease in firing rate and burst activity. Lower electrical activity has been correlated with reduced noradrenaline release in the LC and terminal fields in rats (Berridge and Abercrombie, 1999;Florin-Lechner et al, 1996). Although no marked electrophysiological changes were detected in CMS rats, we observed a clear trend towards diminished spontaneous LC activity in stressed animals, an effect that became evident when neuropathic pain was combined with CMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Bravo

Torres-Sánchez

Alba-Delgado

et al. 2014

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Depression can influence pain and vice versa, yet the biological mechanisms underlying how one influences the pathophysiology of the other remains unclear. Dysregulation of locus coeruleusnoradrenergic transmission is implicated in both conditions, although it is not known whether this effect is exacerbated in cases of co-morbid depression and chronic pain. We studied locus coeruleus activity using immunofluorescence and electrophysiological approaches in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS, an experimental model of depression) and/or chronic constriction injury (CCI, a model of chronic neuropathic pain) for 2 weeks. CCI alone had no effect on any of the locus coeruleus parameters studied, while CMS led to a slight reduction in the electrophysiological activity of the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, CMS was associated with an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the locus coeruleus, although they were smaller in size. Interestingly, these effects of CMS were exacerbated when combined with CCI, even though no changes in the α2-adrenoreceptors or the noradrenaline transporter were observed in any group. Together, these findings suggest that CMS triggers several modifications in locus coeruleus-noradrenergic transmission that are exacerbated by co-morbid chronic pain. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP. All rights reserved. E-mail address: esther.berrocoso@uca.es (E. Berrocoso). European Neuropsychopharmacology (]]]]) ], ]]]-]]]Please cite this article as: Bravo, L., et al., Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats. European Neuropsychopharmacology (2014), http://dx

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Bravo

Torres-Sánchez

Alba-Delgado

et al. 2014

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Train stimulation (4 pulses at 20 Hz) was delivered to mimic bursts of spikes normally produced during phasic activation of the LC in behaving animals (Aston-Jones and Bloom, 1981;Akaike, 1982;Florin-Lechner et al, 1996;Devilbiss and Waterhouse, 2011). Recordings of responses to LC stimulation consisted of a 4 s pre-stimulation baseline and 4 s following LC stimulation.…”

Section: Lc Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and Inhibition of Neurons in the Hippocampal Ventral Subiculum by Norepinephrine and Locus Coeruleus Stimulation

Lipski

Grace

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The ventral subiculum (vSub) has been implicated in a wide range of neurocognitive functions, including responses to fear, stress, and anxiety. The vSub receives dense noradrenergic (NE) inputs from the locus coeruleus (LC), and the LC-NE system is heavily implicated in attention and is known to be activated by stressors. However, the way in which the neurons in the vSub respond to activation of the LC-NE is not well understood. In this study, the direct LC innervation of the vSub was investigated. The effect of norepinephrine (NE) on single vSub neurons was examined using microiontophoresis combined with electrophysiological recordings in anesthetized rats, and this response compared with the effect of electrical stimulation of the LC. Iontophoretic NE inhibited all vSub neurons tested, whereas LC stimulation inhibited 16% and activated 38% of neurons. Inhibition was mediated primarily by alpha-2 receptors, whereas activation was mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, this effect was not mediated via the LC-basolateral amygdala (BLA) pathway, because BLA inactivation did not block LC stimulation-evoked activation of the vSub. These results indicate that the LC-NE system is a potent modulator of vSub activity. Based on these findings, stress-induced activation of the LC-NE system is expected to evoke inhibition and activation in the vSub, both of which may contribute to stress adaptation, whereas an imbalance of this system may lead to pathological stress responses in mental disorders.

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“…Decreases in tonic baseline firing following clonidine treatment may be accompanied by preserved phasic responses to appropriate stimuli in the rat (Adams and Foote 1988) and in the monkey (Rajkowski et al 1995). Such phasic, stimulus-related activation of the LC leads to greater NE release than tonic activation (Florin-Lechner et al 1996). Decreases in LC baseline activity following application of other drugs have actually been shown to lead to relatively increased responsiveness to sensory stimuli (Aghajanian 1980).…”

Section: Receptor Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

Franowicz

Arnsten

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Enhanced norepinephrine release in prefrontal cortex with burst stimulation of the locus coeruleus

Cited by 200 publications

References 34 publications

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Pain exacerbates chronic mild stress-induced changes in noradrenergic transmission in rats

Activation and Inhibition of Neurons in the Hippocampal Ventral Subiculum by Norepinephrine and Locus Coeruleus Stimulation

Treatment with the Noradrenergic Alpha-2 Agonist Clonidine, But Not Diazepam, Improves Spatial Working Memory in Normal Young Rhesus Monkeys

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