Enhanced performance and stability of inverted organic solar cells by using novel zinc-benzothiazole complexes as anode buffer layers

Dey, Somnath; Vivo, Paola; Efimov, Alexander; Lemmetyinen, Helge

doi:10.1039/c1jm13256c

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…PFDCTBT-C8 [81] Dark poly(fl uorenedicyclopentathiophene-altbenzothiadiazole) with octyl side chains a-PTPTBT [82] Dark Poly(thiophene-phenylene-thiophene -2,1,3-benzothia-diazole) [80][81][82][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] and under light (right). [ 73,78,[83][84][85] PCE represents the values at the point of stabilization of the aging curve ( E s value).…”

Section: Namementioning

confidence: 99%

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Lifetime of Organic Photovoltaics: Status and Predictions

Gevorgyan

Madsen

Roth

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

137

124

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performance level, especially when considering large-scale mass-produced modules, is predicted to be signifi cantly lower. [ 8 ] Nevertheless, based on recent advances in the upscaling of OPV manufacture [9][10][11][12] it is reasonable to assume that the mass production of modules with an effi ciency of more than 5% is an achievable target today. Durability of OPV is however yet to be proven and demonstrated.Due to core architectural differences between OPV and inorganic technologies [ 13 ] the established testing standards of the latter are not applicable to the former. [ 1 ] Hence, for many years the stability testing of OPV has primarily been based on customized procedures that vary from one laboratory to another, generating incomparable data. [ 14 ] Moreover, due to the complexity of the OPV device architectures [ 15 ] and a multitude of aging mechanisms taking place at the same time [ 16 ] the aging curve of OPV often takes a complex shape, which is diffi cult to model, [ 14,17 ] thus making the identifi cation of a practical operational lifetime diffi cult or impossible. [ 18 ] As a result, even with a multitude of reported review articles discussing OPV stability [ 16,[19][20][21][22][23][24] at hand, it is still challenging to identify where the technology stands in terms of lifetime. To address this it is necessary to create a yardstick -a generic marker that allows accurate rating and comparison of the lifetime for OPV, and thus enabling the gauging of progress over time. An additional complication that has arisen due to the signifi cant improvements in OPV stability and durability in recent years is that the determination of OPV lifetimes has become an impractically long process, and establishing markers for both accelerated and real operational test conditions (if successful) would allow developing a prediction tool that could speed up the stability testing process and tackle this issue.The groundwork towards creating such a marker was laid in 2011 at the International Summit on OPV Stability (ISOS) where the ISOS testing guidelines were decided upon and described for OPV technologies. [ 18 ] These guidelines were primarily aimed at harmonizing testing procedures among different laboratories by offering a set of indoor and outdoor tests with controlled conditions. This has helped to reduce variations in the reported results, making the aging studies of different laboratories more comparable. [ 25 ] While the ISOS tests harmonized the test conditions, the questions of how to generically determine the lifetime from aging curves of diverse shapes, and how to build a technique for predicting the lifetime based on accelerated tests remained.The results of a meta-analysis conducted on organic photovoltaics (OPV) lifetime data reported in the literature is presented through the compilation of an extensive OPV lifetime database based on a large number of articles, followed by analysis of the large body of data. We fully reveal the progress of reported OPV lifetimes. Furthermore, a generic lifetime marker has...

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Section: Namementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Device structures of unencapsulated samples showing the best lifetimes tested in dark (left) and under light (right) . PCE represents the values at the point of stabilization of the aging curve ( E s value).…”

Section: Status Of Opv Lifetimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifetime of Organic Photovoltaics: Status and Predictions

Gevorgyan

Madsen

Roth

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

137

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[ 17 ] However, long-term stability of these devices in ambient conditions is a major concern. [ 19 ] To overcome the stability issues of the conventional solar cells, one way is to use an inverted architecture SMOSCs. Metal ions formed at the interface tend to migrate into the active layer and form an unstable cathode contact thus further affecting the efficiency and long-term stability of these devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Design to Improve the Performance and Stability of Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Conventional Solar Cells

Min

Luponosov

Zhang

et al. 2014

Advanced Energy Materials

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A systematic study on the effect of various cathode buffer layers on the performance and stability of solution-processed small-molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) based on tris{4-[5-(1,1-dicyanobut-1-en-2-yl)-2,2-bithiophen-5-yl]phenyl}amine (N(Ph-2T-DCN-Et) 3 ):6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (N(Ph-2T-DCN-Et) 3 :PC 70 BM) is presented. The power conversion effi ciency (PCE) in these systems can be signifi cantly improved from approximately 4% to 5.16% by inserting a metal oxide (ZnO) layer between the active layer and the Al cathode instead of an air-sensitive Ba or Ca layer. However, the low work-function Al cathode is susceptible to chemical oxidation in the atmosphere. Here, an amine group functionalized fullerene complex (DMAPA-C 60 ) is inserted as a cathode buffer layer to successfully modify the interface towards ZnO/Ag and active layer/Ag functionality. For devices with ZnO/DMAPA-C 60 /Ag and DMAPA-C 60 /Ag cathodes the PCEs are improved from 2.75% to 4.31% and to 5.40%, respectively, compared to a ZnO/Ag device. Recombination mechanisms and stability aspects of devices with various cathodes are also investigated. The signifi cant improvement in device performance and stability and the simplicity of fabrication by solution processing suggest this DMAPA-C 60 -based interface as a promising and practical pathway for developing effi cient, stable, and roll-to-roll processable SMOSCs.

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“…Inverted organic solar cell experiments involving the newly synthesized compounds are underway, and the results will be published as a separate paper. [15] Detailed studies on the photophysical properties of the benzothiazole ligands 7a-d are also in progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Structure Manipulation of (Benzothiazole)zinc Complexes: Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Studies of 5‐Substituted Derivatives

et al. 2011

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The electronic properties of bis[2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazolato]zinc(II) complexes were tuned by attachment of electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating aryl groups through the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Optimization studies of the borylation reaction and Suzuki coupling of protected benzothiazoles were performed to maximize the yields of the target compounds. The absorption, emission, and electrochemical properties of the newly synthesized complexes were found to correlate to the electronic nature of the attached aryl group. Whereas the LUMO levels are less dependent on the substituents, the HOMO levels are very sensitive to the nature of the substituent, thus providing an array of organometallic complexes with gradual changes in redox potentials.

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Enhanced performance and stability of inverted organic solar cells by using novel zinc-benzothiazole complexes as anode buffer layers

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

Lifetime of Organic Photovoltaics: Status and Predictions

Lifetime of Organic Photovoltaics: Status and Predictions

Interface Design to Improve the Performance and Stability of Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Conventional Solar Cells

Electronic Structure Manipulation of (Benzothiazole)zinc Complexes: Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Studies of 5‐Substituted Derivatives

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