Enhanced Specific Capacitance of Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube/Layered Silicate/Polyaniline Hybrid Sandwiched Nanocomposite for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract

Platelike montmorillonite (known as nanoclay), with ∼1 nm thick aluminosilicate layers, is the most common layered silicate used because of its availability and environmentfriendly nature. With the increasing demand for cheaper and ecofriendly materials for energy storage applications, these layered silicates could be explored as a suitable candidate. In this work, a series of self-assembled three-dimensional electrode materials for supercapacitors have been synthesized from carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Cloisite 30B, and polyaniline (PANI) by both in situ and ex situ approaches. The role of the layered silicate in the electrochemical performance of these electrode materials has been explored. Morphological studies revealed the successful coating of PANI over the CNTs and silicate layers of the Cloisite 30B and the development of a self-assembled three-dimensional porous sandwichlike structure. With the incorporation of layered silicate, the morphology was observed to be highly porous with an enhanced electroactive surface that permits easy access of the electrolyte toward improved electrochemical performance. A 28% increase in specific capacitance with respect to the CNT/PANI nanocomposite was achieved with the ex situ addition of Cloisite 30B, which increased to 110% for the in situ product. The sample retained about 92% of its initial specific capacitance after 2000 cycles. Similar capacitance performance results were also documented from galvanostatic charging−discharging analysis at 5A/g. All of these results demonstrate the promising behavior of the developed electrode material for supercapacitor applications.

Facile Synthesis of MnPO4·H2O Nanowire/Graphene Oxide Composite Material and Its Application as Electrode Material for High Performance Supercapacitors

“…The specific capacitance of the materials can be calculated from CV test according to the Equation (1), [40] and the results are plotted in Figure 6c:…”

Polyaniline‐Stabilized Intertwined Network‐like Ferrocene/Graphene Nanoarchitecture for Supercapacitor Application

“…The shape of the CV loop should have a large surface area with low contact resistance. However, greater resistance distorted the loop to result in a narrower loop with an oblique angle . In a slow voltage scan, the flux to the electrode surface was considerably smaller relative to that observed at faster rates, and as the current is proportional to the flux towards the electrode, the magnitude of the current should be lower at slow scan rates and greater at high rates .…”

“…To investigate the possible interaction among the various components in the nanocomposites, UV analysis was performed, and the results are presented in Figure b. Fc shows three distinct peaks of the ferrocenyl moieties around 263 nm, which could be assigned to the π–π* transition of the C=C bonds present in the Fc moieties . Another two peaks around 288 and 368 nm are the signature of the d–d electronic transition that is characteristic of the ferrocenyl moieties .…”

“…Many such pseudoactive materials have been investigated; these include electronically conducting polymers (ECPs) (e.g., polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PANI), poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)), transition‐metal oxides (e.g., RuO 2 , MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 ), as well as other organometallic compounds. Among the various ECPs, PANI is a promising electroactive material owing to its interesting properties such as a variable oxidation state, high electronic conductivity, ease of processability, environmental stability, and flexibility . However, problems associated with the swelling and shrinkage of PANI restrict its use .…”

Synthesis of 3-D Graphene via Combustion Synthesis of Magnesium and Calcium/Magnesium Oxalates

“…20 The adsorption performance was tested via the removal of 4-chlorophenol from water. The concentration of stock solutions varied between 150 and 1360 mmol/dm 3 .…”