Enhanced temporal resolution for the microdialysis monitoring of catecholamines and excitatory amino acids using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection Analytical developments and in vitro validations

Bert, Lionel; Robert, F.; Denoroy, Luc; Stoppini, Luc; Renaud, Bernard

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00595-x

Cited by 74 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Microdialysis sampling started 120 min after probe placement into the PFC. The outlet of the probe was connected to an online derivatization system as described previously (Bert et al, 1996), allowing direct analysis of dialysate samples collected every 15 min.…”

Section: Effect Of Ssr504734 On Extracellular Levels Of Glycine Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before analysis, the samples were derivatized using naphtalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde and sodium cyanide, as described previously (Bert et al, 1996). CE experiments were performed on a P/ACE MDQ capillary electrophoresis system (Beckman Coulter, Villepinte, France) coupled to an external Zetalif fluorescence detector (Picometrics SA, Toulouse, France).…”

Section: Effect Of Ssr504734 On Extracellular Levels Of Glycine Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurochemical, Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Profiles of the Selective Inhibitor of the Glycine Transporter-1 SSR504734, a Potential New Type of Antipsychotic

Depoortère

Dargazanli

Estenne-Bouhtou

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

216

161

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Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) blockers induce schizophrenic-like symptoms in humans, presumably by impairing glutamatergic transmission. Therefore, a compound potentiating this neurotransmission, by increasing extracellular levels of glycine (a requisite co-agonist of glutamate), could possess antipsychotic activity. Blocking the glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) should, by increasing extracellular glycine levels, potentiate glutamatergic neurotransmission. SSR504734, a selective and reversible inhibitor of human, rat, and mouse GlyT1 (IC 50 ¼ 18, 15, and 38 nM, respectively), blocked reversibly the ex vivo uptake of glycine (mouse cortical homogenates: ID 50 : 5 mg/kg i.p.), rapidly and for a long duration. In vivo, it increased (minimal efficacious dose (MED): 3 mg/kg i.p.) extracellular levels of glycine in the rat prefrontal cortex (PFC). This resulted in an enhanced glutamatergic neurotransmission, as SSR504734 potentiated NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in rat hippocampal slices (minimal efficacious concentration (MEC): 0.5 mM) and intrastriatal glycine-induced rotations in mice (MED: 1 mg/kg i.p.). It normalized activity in rat models of hippocampal and PFC hypofunctioning (through activation of presynaptic CB 1 receptors): it reversed the decrease in electrically evoked [3 H]acetylcholine release in hippocampal slices (MEC: 10 nM) and the reduction of PFC neurons firing (MED: 0.3 mg/kg i.v.). SSR504734 prevented ketamine-induced metabolic activation in mice limbic areas and reversed MK-801-induced hyperactivity and increase in EEG spectral energy in mice and rats, respectively (MED: 10-30 mg/kg i.p.). In schizophrenia models, it normalized a spontaneous prepulse inhibition deficit in DBA/2 mice (MED: 15 mg/kg i.p.), and reversed hypersensitivity to locomotor effects of d-amphetamine and selective attention deficits (MED: 1-3 mg/kg i.p.) in adult rats treated neonatally with phencyclidine. Finally, it increased extracellular dopamine in rat PFC (MED: 10 mg/kg i.p.). The compound showed additional activity in depression/anxiety models, such as the chronic mild stress in mice (10 mg/kg i.p.), ultrasonic distress calls in rat pups separated from their mother (MED: 1 mg/kg s.c.), and the increased latency of paradoxical sleep in rats (MED: 30 mg/kg i.p.). In conclusion, SSR504734 is a potent and selective GlyT1 inhibitor, exhibiting activity in schizophrenia, anxiety and depression models. By targeting one of the primary causes of schizophrenia (hypoglutamatergy), it is expected to be efficacious not only against positive but also negative symptoms, cognitive deficits, and comorbid depression/anxiety states.

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Section: Effect Of Ssr504734 On Extracellular Levels Of Glycine Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ssr504734 On Extracellular Levels Of Glycine Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical, Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Profiles of the Selective Inhibitor of the Glycine Transporter-1 SSR504734, a Potential New Type of Antipsychotic

Depoortère

Dargazanli

Estenne-Bouhtou

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

216

161

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“…When techniques such as HPLC are used, the temporal resolution is often 10-30 min; 7 however, coupling microdialysis to nanoscale analytical techniques such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), microbore liquid chromatography (LC), and electrochemical sensors have shortened sampling times to seconds. 4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] When using high sensitivity analytical methods, other factors can begin to limit temporal resolution achievable with microdialysis sampling. One inherent limitation is broadening of sample zones due to Taylor dispersion as they are transferred from sampling probe to analytical system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Temporal Resolution for in Vivo Microdialysis by Using Segmented Flow

et al. 2008

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Microdialysis sampling probes were interfaced to a segmented flow system to improve temporal resolution for monitoring concentration dynamics. Aqueous dialysate was segmented into nanoliter plugs by pumping sample stream into the base of a tee channel structure microfabricated on a PDMS chip that had an immiscible carrier phase (perfluorodecalin) pumped into the cross arm of the tee. Varying the oil flow rate from 0.22 to 6.3 μL/min and sample flow rate from 42 to 328 nL/min allowed control of plug volume, interval between plugs, and frequency of plug generation between 6 to 28 nL, 0.6 to 10 s, and 0.1 to 1.7 Hz, respectively. Temporal resolution of the system, determined by measuring fluorescence in individual sample plugs following step changes of fluorescein concentration at the sampling probe surface, was as good as 15 s. Temporal resolution was independent of both sampling flow rate and distance that samples were pumped from the sampling probe. This effect is due to the prevention of Taylor dispersion of the sample as it was transported by segmented flow. In contrast, without flow segmentation temporal resolution was worsened from 25 to 160 s as the detection point was moved from the sampling probe to 40 cm downstream. Glucose was detected by modifying the chip to allow enzyme assay reagents to be mixed with dialysate as sample plugs formed. The resulting assay had a detection limit of 50 μM and a linear range of 0.2 to 2 mM. This system was used to measure glucose in the brain of anesthetized rats. Basal concentration was 1.5 ± 0.1 mM (n = 3) and was decreased 60% by infusion of high K + solution through the probe. These results demonstrate the potential of microdialysis with segmented flow to be used for in vivo monitoring experiments with high temporal resolution.

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“…In microdialysates, the CA determination by CZE-LIFD has been performed in low concentration, small volume samples derivatized with NAD to give highly fluorescent compounds. Robert et al [136] and Bert et al [137] have accomplished very reliable and sensitive determinations of CA. NE detection limit was 5 Â 10 À9 M in rat medial frontal cortex microdialysates [136].…”

Section: Ce-lifd Coupled To Microdialysis Studies Neuroactive Substamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance of the method is demonstrated in vitro by monitoring rapid fluctuations in the CA concentration in the external microdialysis medium. It was possible to reach the separation of subnanomolar concentrations of DA and NA in less than 2-min run and with high efficiency [137]. The derivatization with NDA has been performed on line [55].…”

Section: Ce-lifd Coupled To Microdialysis Studies Neuroactive Substamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

Páez

Hernández

2001

Biopharm & Drug Disp

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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-efficiency analytical technique that has had a great impact as a tool in biomedical research, clinical and forensic practice in the last ten years. Only in one of the applications, the DNA analysis, it has had an explosive exponential growth in the last few years. This impact is expressed in an enormous amount of CE articles and many reviews. The CE advantages with respect to other analytical techniques: the required very small sample volume, rapid analysis, great resolution power and low costs, have made this technique ideal for the analysis of a numerous endogenous and exogenous substances present in biological fluids. The different modes of CE have been coupled to different detection techniques such as UV-absorbance, electrochemical, mass spectrometry and laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) to detect different nature and molecular size separated analytes. This review focuses mostly on the applications of CE-LIFD, to measure drugs and endogenous neuroactive substances such as amino acids and monoamines, especially in microdialysis samples from experimental animals and humans. CE-LIFD trends are discussed: automated faster analysis with capillary array systems, resolution power improvement, higher detection sensitivity, and CE systems miniaturization for extremely small sample volume, in order to make CE easier and affordable to the lab bench or the clinical bed.

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Enhanced temporal resolution for the microdialysis monitoring of catecholamines and excitatory amino acids using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection Analytical developments and in vitro validations

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Neurochemical, Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Profiles of the Selective Inhibitor of the Glycine Transporter-1 SSR504734, a Potential New Type of Antipsychotic

Neurochemical, Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Profiles of the Selective Inhibitor of the Glycine Transporter-1 SSR504734, a Potential New Type of Antipsychotic

Improved Temporal Resolution for in Vivo Microdialysis by Using Segmented Flow

Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection

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