Enhanced thrombin generation and reduced intact protein S in processed solvent detergent plasma

Thromboelastography as a tool to evaluate blood of healthy volunteers and blood component quality: a review

“…In S/D‐treated plasma, lower levels of the coagulation inhibitor protein S and the fibrinolysis inhibitor α 2 ‐antiplasmin did not result in different thromboelastographic profiles at high TF concentration . Very short initiation times of about 100 s were measured in all types of plasma.…”

“…When testing plasma, phospholipids or phospholipid‐containing membranes like platelets, red cells or microparticles have to be present, as demonstrated in experiments with S/D‐treated plasma which does not contain cells and/or microparticles. With this plasma, no reaction was obtained when only kaolin and calcium were added but addition of 4 µmol/l phospholipids fulfilled .…”

“…The low TF concentration used resulted in a more sensitive test to detect the lower protein S levels. The test appeared also to be sensitive to the lower α 2 ‐antiplasmin levels which was seen in a more than 50% reduction of clot lysis time with tPA . Moreover, a gradual decrease of clot lysis time was obtained with increasing S/D plasma fraction and simultaneously decreasing FFP fraction in reconstituted WB, both with 150 and 10 x 10 9 /l PLTs .…”

“…Coagulation may also be started by activating PLTs with arachidonic acid (which is converted into thromboxane A 2 for stimulation of the thromboxane receptor) , ADP (P 2 Y 12 receptors) , collagen (glycoproteins Ia and VI) or convulxin (glycoprotein VI) . Thromboelastography can also be used to study fibrinolysis by addition of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) while fibrinolysis may be inhibited by addition of aprotinin (APTEM test) , tranexamic acid or ε‐aminocaproic acid .…”

Comparative biochemical studies of fresh frozen plasma and pooled solvent/detergent‐treated plasma (octaplasLG®) with focus on protein S and its impact in different thrombin generation assay set‐ups

“…Different studies investigated the thrombin generation capacities of both single donor fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and virus‐inactivated plasma (e.g. solvent/detergent (S/D)‐treated plasma , methylene blue‐treated plasma or plasma treated with combination of ultraviolet light and amotosalen or riboflavin ). The aim of our studies was to investigate the impact of protein S on the thrombin generation capacity in a direct comparison study between single donor FFP and pooled S/D‐treated plasma, octaplasLG ® .…”