Enhancement by Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside or Repeated Additions of Ascorbate of Mitogen-Induced IgM and IgG Productions by Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Tanaka, Mari; Muto, Norio; Gohda, Eiichi; Yamamoto, Ichiro

doi:10.1254/jjp.66.451

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The role of vitamin C within these cells is less clear, although antioxidant protection has been suggested [ 194 ]. In vitro studies have indicated that incubation of vitamin C with lymphocytes promotes proliferation [ 76 , 77 ], resulting in enhanced antibody generation [ 78 ], and also provides resistance to various cell death stimuli [ 195 ]. Furthermore, vitamin C appears to have an important role in developmental differentiation and maturation of immature T-cells ( Table 1 ) [ 76 , 79 ].…”

Section: Vitamin C and Leukocyte Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and Immune Function

2017

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Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient for humans, with pleiotropic functions related to its ability to donate electrons. It is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for a family of biosynthetic and gene regulatory enzymes. Vitamin C contributes to immune defense by supporting various cellular functions of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Vitamin C supports epithelial barrier function against pathogens and promotes the oxidant scavenging activity of the skin, thereby potentially protecting against environmental oxidative stress. Vitamin C accumulates in phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, and can enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately microbial killing. It is also needed for apoptosis and clearance of the spent neutrophils from sites of infection by macrophages, thereby decreasing necrosis/NETosis and potential tissue damage. The role of vitamin C in lymphocytes is less clear, but it has been shown to enhance differentiation and proliferation of B- and T-cells, likely due to its gene regulating effects. Vitamin C deficiency results in impaired immunity and higher susceptibility to infections. In turn, infections significantly impact on vitamin C levels due to enhanced inflammation and metabolic requirements. Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin C appears to be able to both prevent and treat respiratory and systemic infections. Prophylactic prevention of infection requires dietary vitamin C intakes that provide at least adequate, if not saturating plasma levels (i.e., 100–200 mg/day), which optimize cell and tissue levels. In contrast, treatment of established infections requires significantly higher (gram) doses of the vitamin to compensate for the increased inflammatory response and metabolic demand.

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Section: Vitamin C and Leukocyte Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C and Immune Function

2017

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“…Recent research has indicated that vitamin C treatment attenuates synthesis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β [ 57 ]. In vitro studies suggest that ascorbic acid operates as potent immunostimulator of antibody production (IgM and IgG) in humans and that the intracellular ascorbic acid content is a key parameter for establishing the immune response of peripheral blood lymphocytes [ 58 ]. Other in vitro studies have shown the role of vitamin C in promoting T-cell maturation [ 59 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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“…The same finding was observed in elderly women treated with a higher dose of vitamin C and vitamin E for longer period: 1 g vitamin C daily plus 200 mg of vitamin E for 16 weeks [ 44 ]. An in vitro evidence showed that vitamin C increased production of immunoglobulins by peripheral blood lymphocytes [ 51 ]. Moreover, vitamin C supplement of 200 mg/day for 1–3 months increased IgG and IgM serum levels and improved humoral immune response in elderly [ 43 ].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effect Of Vitamin Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19

2020

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The mainstay of management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly supportive as to date there is no effective antiviral treatment, apart from remdesivir which has been approved by Food and Drug administration (FDA) for treatment of COVID-19, or vaccine. Supplementation with micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, has gained an increasing interest as part of the supportive management of COVID-19. Vitamin C levels in serum and leukocytes are depleted during the acute stage of infection owing to increased metabolic demands. High-dose vitamin C supplement helps to normalise both serum and leukocytes vitamin C levels. Vitamin C has multiple pharmacological characteristics, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which make it a potential therapeutic option in management of COVID-19. The use of high dose of intravenous vitamin C for management of COVID-19 in China and the United Stated has shown promising results. There were no reported adverse reactions with the short-term use of high dose of vitamin C. Given the fact that vitamin C is cheap, available and safe drug with beneficial effects in management of viral infections and critically ill patients reported in previous clinical trials, it is sensible to add it to COVID-19 management protocol particularly if the current ongoing clinical trials testing the effect of vitamin C in management of COVID-19 show positive results.

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Enhancement by Ascorbic Acid 2-Glucoside or Repeated Additions of Ascorbate of Mitogen-Induced IgM and IgG Productions by Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Vitamin C and Immune Function

Vitamin C and Immune Function

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19

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