Enhancing dietary cation-anion difference reshaped the distribution of endotoxin across different biofluids and influenced inflammatory response in dairy cows exposed to heat stress

Wang, Z.; Li, X.Y.; Yu, Ying; Yang, Lin; Zhang, P.H.; He, Jianhua; Shen, Weijun; Tan, Zhiliang; Feng, Baili; Tang, Shaoxun

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114444

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The dry matter (DM; method 930.15), ash (method 942.05), crude protein (method 2001.11), ether extract (method 920.39), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; method 2002.04), and acid detergent fiber (ADF; method 973.18) of the two diets were analyzed according to the procedures of AOAC (2005). The contents of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the two rations were measured as previously depicted (Tang et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement in the Diet of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows: Modulated Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Microflora

Zuo

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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This study was conducted to examine the influences of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in the diet of lactating Holstein cattle on rumen fermentation and ruminal bacterial microbiome. Twenty-four lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to each of the two treatments in a completely randomized design: the SBM group [the basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet containing 5.77% SBM] and the FSBM group (the experimental TMR diet containing 5.55% FSBM). This trial lasted for 54 days (14 days for adjustment and 40 days for data and sample collection), and samples of rumen liquid were collected on 34 d and 54 d, respectively. The results showed that replacing SBM with FSBM significantly increased the molar percentages of propionate (P < 0.01) and valerate (P < 0.05), but reduced the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration (P < 0.05), butyrate molar proportion (P < 0.05), and the acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.01). The copy numbers of total bacteria (P < 0.05), Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01), Selenomonas ruminantium (P < 0.01), and Prevotella spp. (P < 0.05) in the FSBM group were greater, while the density of Prevotella ruminicola (P < 0.05) was lower than those in the SBM treatment. Additionally, Succiniclasticum ruminis and Saccharofermentans acetigenes were significantly enriched (P < 0.05) in the rumen fluid of FSBM-fed cows, despite the fact that there was no remarkable difference in the Alpha diversity indexes, structure and KEGG pathway abundances of the bacterial community across the two treatments. It could hence be concluded that the substitution of FSBM for SBM modulated rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial microbiota in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Further research is required to elucidate the relevant mechanisms of FSBM, and provide more insights into the application of FSBM in dairy cattle.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement in the Diet of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows: Modulated Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Microflora

Zuo

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Nevertheless, supplementing the heat-stressed dairy cows with high L-theanine dosage did not significantly influence ( P > 0.05) the LPS levels across different biofluids compared to the control. Previous investigations have reported the inflammation-alleviating effects of L-theanine in LPS-induced stress in broilers and mice ( Li et al., 2018 ; Wang et al., 2018 ), and it has been found that L-theanine can improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function through maintaining the mRNA expression levels of tight junction proteins ( Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b ; Zhang et al., 2020 ), as well as the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A ( Li et al., 2018 ). Therefore, it could be inferred that a relatively low dosage of L-theanine might help restore the barrier function of the rumen epithelium during the heat stress of this study, and hence decrease the translocation of LPS through ruminal epithelium and reduce LPS accretion in the milk of dairy cattle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dry matter (DM; method 930.15), ash (method 942.05), crude protein (method 2001.11), ether extract (method 920.39), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; method 2002.04), and acid detergent fiber (ADF; method 973.18) in the basal TMR were analyzed in accordance with the procedures of AOAC (2005) . The contents of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the basal diet were measured using previous methods ( Tang et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LPS concentrations in the plasma, milk, and rumen fluid were determined through a chromogenic end-point Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (TAL) assay kit (EC80545S, Chinese Horseshoe Crab Reagent Manufactory Co. Ltd, Xiamen, China) by referring to the manufacture's instruction and methods introduced precedently ( Tao et al., 2014 ; Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b ). In order to ensure that LPS concentrations were in the appropriate range, the dilution for those pretreated samples were carried out as previously described ( Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b ). The determinations for the LPS-related cytokines (Toll-like receptor [TLR]-4, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and LPS-related acute phase proteins (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], haptoglobin [Hp] and serum amyloid A [SAA]) in the serum of cattle were conducted in duplicates using corresponding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (CSB-EL023603BO, CSB-E09810B, CSB-E12899B, CSB-E08585B, CSB-E16370B, CSB-E08592B, CSB-E12020B, Cusabio Technology, Wuhan, China), as depicted by manufacturer's manuals and precedent investigations ( Wang et al., 2020a , Wang et al., 2020b ; Zhou et al., 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations of endotoxin distribution across different biofluids and relevant inflammatory responses by supplementing L-theanine in dairy cows during heat stress

Zuo

Zhang

Li³

et al. 2021

Animal Nutrition

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The present trial was performed to reveal the regulatory effects of L-theanine on the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin within different biofluids, as well as relevant inflammatory responses of dairy cattle under heat stress conditions. Thirty lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle (189 ± 47 days in milk, and 2 ± 1 parities) were allocated in a completely randomized design to each of 3 dietary treatments: the control (CON, 0 g/d per cow L-theanine), the low L-theanine dosage treatment (LL, 16 g/d per cow L-theanine), and the high L-theanine dosage treatment (HL, 32 g/d per cow L-theanine). This trial consisted of 38 d (7 d for adaption and 31 d for data and sample collection), and sample collection for rumen liquid, blood plasma or serum, and milk were conducted on the d 27 and 38, respectively. Dairy cattle were constantly exposed to environmental heat stress during this experiment according to the recorded temperature-humidity index (THI). In the LL treatment, LPS concentration in rumen liquid was higher ( P < 0.05), whilst LPS densities in plasma and milk were lower ( P < 0.05) than those of the CON. Supplementing L-theanine at 2 dosages both significantly lowered ( P < 0.05) the level of interleukin (IL)-1β in the serum. Results of the present study suggested that L-theanine could be a promising additive in reducing the detrimental effects of heat stress on dairy cows, and L-theanine supplementation at 16 g/d per cow is preferred because it reduced the LPS translocation into the peripheral blood and LPS accumulation in the milk, as well as mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory reactions in dairy cows during heat stress. Further studies are necessitated to investigate the underlying mechanisms of L-theanine in LPS alteration and inflammation alleviation.

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Mid infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as tool to monitor the impact of heat stress and dietary interventions in lactating sows

Navarro,

Coba,

Muller

et al. 2024

Int J Biometeorol

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Heat stress in hyper-prolific lactating sows is recognised as a factor reducing feed intake, milk production, and welfare, with significant losses in farm productivity. Individual capacities for body thermoregulation during environmental hyperthermia determine the adaptation of the animal during long and recurrent events. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a high-throughput method to identify markers of stress in plasma and milk collected from lactating sows under heat stress conditions fed with two levels of protein in the diet defined as low (16%) and standard (20%). The MIR spectra were analysed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis and validated using cross-validation. The results obtained indicated that MIR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, was able to identify changes in the spectra associated with heat stress in wavenumbers corresponding with amide groups (proteins) (highest loadings observed in the regions between1065 and 1635 cm−1), lipids and unsaturated fatty acids (regions between 1746 and 3063 cm−1), lipo-polysaccharides (in 1247 cm−1) and carbohydrates (around the region1050 cm−1). These results also indicated that the information provided by these wavenumbers can be used as metabolic markers of the adaptation of the sows to hyperthermia. It was concluded that MIR spectroscopy is a rapid and inexpensive tool capable of detecting and evaluating the main biochemical changes of hyperthermia on lactating sows, facilitating the development of palliative management strategies such as dietary manipulations.

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Enhancing dietary cation-anion difference reshaped the distribution of endotoxin across different biofluids and influenced inflammatory response in dairy cows exposed to heat stress

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement in the Diet of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows: Modulated Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Microflora

Fermented Soybean Meal Replacement in the Diet of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows: Modulated Rumen Fermentation and Ruminal Microflora

Alterations of endotoxin distribution across different biofluids and relevant inflammatory responses by supplementing L-theanine in dairy cows during heat stress

Mid infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as tool to monitor the impact of heat stress and dietary interventions in lactating sows

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