Enhancing entomopathogenic nematode efficacy with Pheromones: A field study targeting the pecan weevil

Perier, Jermaine D.; Kaplan, Fatma; Lewis, Edwin E.; Alborn, Hans; Schliekelman, Paul; Toews, Michael D.; Schiller, Karl C.; Shapiro-Ilan, David I.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2024.108070

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108070

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Enhancing entomopathogenic nematode efficacy with Pheromones: A field study targeting the pecan weevil

Jermaine D. Perier,

Fatma Kaplan,

Edwin E. Lewis

et al.

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2024

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Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae

Chantab,

Rao,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Insects

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Insects protect themselves through their immune systems. Entomopathogenic nematodes and their bacterial symbionts are widely used for the biocontrol of economically important pests. Ascarosides are pheromones that regulate nematode behaviors, such as aggregation, avoidance, mating, dispersal, and dauer recovery and formation. However, whether ascarosides influence the immune response of insects remains unexplored. In this study, we co-injected ascarosides and symbiotic Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kayaii H06 bacteria derived from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora H06 into the last instar larvae of Galleria mellonella. We recorded larval mortality and analyzed the expressions of AMPs, ROS/RNS, and LPSs. Our results revealed a process in which ascarosides, acting as enhancers of the symbiotic bacteria, co-induced G. mellonella immunity by significantly increasing oxidative stress responses and secreting AMPs (gallerimycin, gloverin, and cecropin). This led to a reduction in color intensity and the symbiotic bacteria load, ultimately resulting in delayed host mortality compared to either ascarosides or symbiotic bacteria. These findings demonstrate the cross-kingdom regulation of insects and symbiotic bacteria by nematode pheromones. Furthermore, our results suggest that G. mellonella larvae may employ nematode pheromones secreted by IJs to modulate insect immunity during early infection, particularly in the presence of symbiotic bacteria, for enhancing resistance to invasive bacteria in the hemolymph.

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Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae

Chantab,

Rao,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Insects

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show abstract

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Enhancing entomopathogenic nematode efficacy with Pheromones: A field study targeting the pecan weevil

Cited by 1 publication

References 33 publications

Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae

Ascarosides and Symbiotic Bacteria of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Regulate Host Immune Response in Galleria mellonella Larvae

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